शाप
Hindi
Alternative forms
- श्राप (śrāp)
- सराप (sarāp)
Etymology
From Sanskrit शाप (śāpa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃɑːp/
Noun
शाप • (śāp) m (Urdu spelling شاپ)
- curse, bane
- Synonym: अभिशाप (abhiśāp)
Declension
| Declension of शाप | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Direct | शाप (śāp) | शाप (śāp) |
| Oblique | शाप (śāp) | शापों (śāpõ) |
| Vocative | शाप (śāp) | शापो (śāpo) |
Derived terms
- शाप देना (śāp denā, “to accurse, to damn”)
- शापग्रस्त (śāpagrast, “accursed, maledict”)
Sanskrit
Etymology
From √शप् (śap, “to swear, to blame”). Compare Persian سب (sab, “curse, insult”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɑː.pɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɕɑː.pɐ/
Noun
शाप • (śāpa) m
- spell
- ban
- curse
- c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Raghuvaṃśa 1.78:
- स शापो न त्वया राजन्न च सारथिना श्रुतः।
नदत्याकाशगङ्गायाः स्रोतस्युद्दमदिग्गजे- sa śāpo na tvayā rājanna ca sārathinā śrutaḥ.
nadatyākāśagaṅgāyāḥ srotasyuddamadiggaje - ”O king! Not you, nor the charioteer did hear that curse because there were
legendary elephants rutty amid the strident torrents of the celestial Ganga”
- sa śāpo na tvayā rājanna ca sārathinā śrutaḥ.
- स शापो न त्वया राजन्न च सारथिना श्रुतः।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शाप (śāpa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शापः śāpaḥ | शापौ śāpau | शापाः / शापासः¹ śāpāḥ / śāpāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शाप śāpa | शापौ śāpau | शापाः / शापासः¹ śāpāḥ / śāpāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शापम् śāpam | शापौ śāpau | शापान् śāpān |
| Instrumental | शापेन śāpena | शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām | शापैः / शापेभिः¹ śāpaiḥ / śāpebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शापाय śāpāya | शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām | शापेभ्यः śāpebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शापात् śāpāt | शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām | शापेभ्यः śāpebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शापस्य śāpasya | शापयोः śāpayoḥ | शापानाम् śāpānām |
| Locative | शापे śāpe | शापयोः śāpayoḥ | शापेषु śāpeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯 (sāva)
- Pali: sāpa
- → Awadhi: साप (sāp)
- → Hindi: शाप (śāp)
- → Tamil: சாபம் (cāpam)
- → Telugu: శాపం (śāpaṃ)
Related terms
- शपथ (śapatha, “an oath”)
- शपथकरण (śapathakaraṇa, “the swearing of an oath”)
- शपथपत्त्र (śapathapattra, “written testimony on oath or affidavit”)
- शपथेय्य (śapatheyya, “a curser, a swearer”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “शाप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1065.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śāpa (12393)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press