शर्करा

शर्करा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā). Doublet of शक्कर (śakkar).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃəɾ.kə.ɾɑː/, [ʃəɾ.kə.ɾäː]

Noun

शर्करा • (śarkarā) f (Urdu spelling شرکرا‎)

1. (formal) sugar (granulated or candied)

   Synonyms: चीनी (cīnī), शक्कर (śakkar)

2. (chemistry) glucose, saccharose

Declension

Declension of शर्करा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराएँ śarkarāẽ
oblique	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराओं śarkarāõ
vocative	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराओ śarkarāo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शर्करा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ᬰᬃᬓᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
• শৰ্কৰা (Assamese script)
• শর্করা (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
• શર્કરા (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਰੑਕਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦯꦂꦏꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
• ឝក៌រា (Khmer script)
• ಶರ್ಕರಾ (Kannada script)
• ຨຣ຺ກຣາ (Lao script)
• ശര്കരാ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠷᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• ᡧᠠᡵᡬᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• ၐရ်္ကရာ (Burmese script)
• 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑦮𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଶର୍କରା (Oriya script)
• ꢯꢬ꣄ꢒꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ශර්කරා (Sinhalese script)
• శర్కరా (Telugu script)
• ศรฺกรา (Thai script)
• ཤ་རྐ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”).

Noun

शर्करा • (śárkarā) f

1. gravel, grit, pebbles, shingle, gravelly mould or soil (mostly plural)
2. gravel (as a disease)
3. hardening of the flesh
4. hardening of the ear-wax
5. ground or candied sugar
6. a fragment or piece of broken earthenware, potsherd
7. cotton sugar, sugarmaple

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of शर्करा (śárkarā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शर्करा śárkarā	शर्करे śárkare	शर्कराः śárkarāḥ
Vocative	शर्करे śárkare	शर्करे śárkare	शर्कराः śárkarāḥ
Accusative	शर्कराम् śárkarām	शर्करे śárkare	शर्कराः śárkarāḥ
Instrumental	शर्करया / शर्करा¹ śárkarayā / śárkarā¹	शर्कराभ्याम् śárkarābhyām	शर्कराभिः śárkarābhiḥ
Dative	शर्करायै śárkarāyai	शर्कराभ्याम् śárkarābhyām	शर्कराभ्यः śárkarābhyaḥ
Ablative	शर्करायाः śárkarāyāḥ	शर्कराभ्याम् śárkarābhyām	शर्कराभ्यः śárkarābhyaḥ
Genitive	शर्करायाः śárkarāyāḥ	शर्करयोः śárkarayoḥ	शर्कराणाम् śárkarāṇām
Locative	शर्करायाम् śárkarāyām	शर्करयोः śárkarayoḥ	शर्करासु śárkarāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: শর্করা (śôrkra)
• → Gujarati: શર્કરા (śarkarā)
• → Hindi: शर्करा (śarkarā)
• → Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕರೆ (sakkare), ಶರ್ಕರೆ (śarkare)
• → Malayalam: ശർക്കര (śaṟkkara), ചക്കര (cakkara)
  • → Indo-Portuguese: jágara, xagara, jagra
    • → English: jaggery, jaggary, jagghery, jaggory, jaggry, jagra
      • → French: jagré
      • → Japanese: ジャガリー (jagarī), ジャッガリー (jaggarī)
      • → Scottish Gaelic: seagaraidh
      • → Serbo-Croatian: jaggeri, јаггери
• → Old Javanese: sarkara
  • Javanese: ꦱꦂꦏꦫ (sarkara)
• → Tamil: சர்க்கரை (carkkarai), சக்கரை (cakkarai)
• → Telugu: చక్కెర (cakkera)

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪‎ (śakara)
  • → Middle Persian:

    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫞𐫡‎ (šqr /šakar/)

    Book Pahlavi: 𐭱𐭪𐭥‎ (škl /šakar/)

    • Persian: شکر‎ (šakar) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Arabic: سُكَّر‎ (sukkar) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Aramaic:
      • Classical Syriac: ܫܟܪ‎ (šekkar)
    • → Georgian: შაქარი (šakari)
      • → Abkhaz: ашьақар (ašakar)
      • → Mingrelian: შანქარი (šankari)
      • → Svan: შაქარ (šakar)
    • → Mingrelian: შანქარი (šankari)
    • → Old Armenian: շաքար (šakʿar)
      • Middle Armenian: շաքար (šakʿar)
        • Armenian: շաքար (šakʿar)
        • →? Middle Georgian: შაქარი (šakari)
          • Georgian: შაქარი (šakari)
            • → Abkhaz: ашьақар (ašakar)
            • → Mingrelian: შანქარი (šankari)
            • → Svan: შაქარ (šakar)

• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ހަކުރު‎ (hakuru)
  • Sinhalese: හකුරු (hakuru), සකුරු (sakuru)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: শিকৰ (xikor)
    • ⇒ Assamese: দাঁত-শিকৰ (dãt-xikor)
    • ⇒ Assamese: শিকলিয়া (xikolia)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā)
  • Konkani: साक्कर (sākkar)
  • Old Marathi: साकर (sākara)
    • Marathi: साखर (sākhar)
• Pali: sakkharā (see there for further descendants)
• Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Gujarati: સાકર (sākar)
  • Hindi: सकर (sakar), सक्कर (sakkar)
  • Nepali: सखर (sakhar)