शत
See also: शांत
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ʃət̪/
Numeral
शत • (śat) (cardinal)
- (literary, in compounds) (one) hundred
- Synonym: सौ (sau)
Derived terms
- प्रतिशत (pratiśat)
- शतपाद (śatpād)
- शतवर्ष (śatvarṣ)
- शतवार्षिक (śatvārṣik)
- शतशत (śatśat)
- शतांश (śatānś)
- शताब्दी (śatābdī)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
← 90 | [a], [b] ← 99 | १०० 100 | 1,000 → | 100,000 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | ||||
Cardinal: शत (śata) |
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬰᬢ (Balinese script)
- শত (Assamese script)
- শত (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌶𑌤 (Grantha script)
- શત (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦯꦠ (Javanese script)
- ឝត (Khmer script)
- ಶತ (Kannada script)
- ຨຕ (Lao script)
- ശത (Malayalam script)
- 𑘫𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡧᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- ၐတ (Burmese script)
- 𑧋𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଶତ (Oriya script)
- ꢯꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ශත (Sinhalese script)
- శత (Telugu script)
- ศต (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred), Finnish sata (borrowing from Indo-Iranian).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐ.tɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɕɐ.t̪ɐ/
Numeral
शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)
- hundred, used with numerals thus:
- एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101
- विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120
- शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200
- त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300
- षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600
- or the compound becomes an ordinal
- द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th
- द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent
- शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100
- the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound
- शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors
- rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental
- RV 1.48.7c
- एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |
- शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||
- eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |
- śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||
- This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:
- Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.
- rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
- and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:
- चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years
- any very large number
- शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of शत (śatá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शतम् śatám | शते śaté | शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹ |
Vocative | शत śáta | शते śáte | शतानि / शता¹ śátāni / śátā¹ |
Accusative | शतम् śatám | शते śaté | शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹ |
Instrumental | शतेन śaténa | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शताय śatā́ya | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शतात् śatā́t | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शतस्य śatásya | शतयोः śatáyoḥ | शतानाम् śatā́nām |
Locative | शते śaté | शतयोः śatáyoḥ | शतेषु śatéṣu |
Notes |
|
Masculine a-stem declension of शत (śatá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शतः śatáḥ | शतौ śataú | शताः / शतासः¹ śatā́ḥ / śatā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शत śáta | शतौ śátau | शताः / शतासः¹ śátāḥ / śátāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शतम् śatám | शतौ śataú | शतान् śatā́n |
Instrumental | शतेन śaténa | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शताय śatā́ya | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शतात् śatā́t | शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām | शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शतस्य śatásya | शतयोः śatáyoḥ | शतानाम् śatā́nām |
Locative | शते śaté | शतयोः śatáyoḥ | शतेषु śatéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ī-stem declension of शती (śatī) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शती śatī | शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ | शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹ |
Vocative | शति śati | शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ | शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹ |
Accusative | शतीम् śatīm | शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ | शतीः śatīḥ |
Instrumental | शत्या śatyā | शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām | शतीभिः śatībhiḥ |
Dative | शत्यै śatyai | शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām | शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ |
Ablative | शत्याः śatyāḥ | शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām | शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ |
Genitive | शत्याः śatyāḥ | शत्योः śatyoḥ | शतीनाम् śatīnām |
Locative | शत्याम् śatyām | शत्योः śatyoḥ | शतीषु śatīṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
- Helu: 𑀲𑀢 (sata), *𑀲𑀬 (*saya)
- Dhivehi: ހިއަ (hia) (dialectal, archaic)
- Sinhalese: සිය (siya)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀤 (śada)
- Assamese: শ (xo)
- Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
- Oriya: ଶହ (śôhô)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saa)
- Konkani:
- Devanagari: -शे (-śe)
- Kannada: -ಶೆ (-śe)
- Latin: -xem
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)
- Modi: 𑘫𑘿𑘧𑘹 (śye), 𑘭𑘹𑘽 (seṃ)
- Marathi: -शे (-śe)
- Konkani:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
- Old Gujarati: सउ (saü)
- Gujarati: સો (so)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: सौ (sau)
- Urdu: سو (sau)
- Nepali: सय (saya)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਸੌ (sau)
- Shahmukhi: سَو (sau)
- Romani: śel, šel
- Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeel
- Sindhi:
- Arabic: سؤ
- Devanagari: सउ
- Old Gujarati: सउ (saü)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: ہَتھ (hath)
- Shina: شل (śal)
- Pali: sata
- → Balinese: ᬰᬢ
- → Bengali: শত (śôtô)
- → Rohingya: cót
- → Hindi: शत (śat)
- →⇒ Dhivehi: ސަތޭކަ (satēka)
See also
- द्विशत (dviśata, “two hundred”), द्वेशते (dveśate, “two hundred”)
- त्रिशत (triśata, “three hundred”)
- चतुःशत (catuḥśata, “four hundred”)
- पञ्चशत (pañcaśata, “five hundred”)
- षट्शत (ṣaṭśata, “six hundred”)
- सप्तशत (saptaśata, “seven hundred”)
- अष्टशत (aṣṭaśata, “eight hundred”)
- नवशत (navaśata, “nine hundred”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1048.