व्याघ्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬯ᭄ᬬᬵᬖ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
ৱ্যাঘ্ৰ (Assamese script)
ব্যাঘ্র (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰑𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀖𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
વ્યાઘ્ર (Gujarati script)
ਵੑਯਾਘੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦮꦾꦴꦓꦿ (Javanese script)
វ្យាឃ្រ (Khmer script)
ವ್ಯಾಘ್ರ (Kannada script)
ວ຺ຍາຆ຺ຣ (Lao script)
വ്യാഘ്ര (Malayalam script)
𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘑𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠺᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᠸᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢚᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
ဝျာဃြ (Burmese script)
𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧑𑦱𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐑𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
ଵ୍ଯାଘ୍ର (Oriya script)
ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢕ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆔𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖑𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
ව්යාඝ්ර (Sinhalese script)
వ్యాఘ్ర (Telugu script)
วฺยาฆฺร (Thai script)
ཝྱཱ་གྷྲ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒒𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ/

Noun

व्याघ्र • (vyāghrá) m [3][4][5]

a tiger (not in RV., but in AV., often mentioned with the lion; according to R. III, 30, 26, शार्दूली (śārdūlī) is the mythical mother of tigers; but in वह्निपुराण (vahni-purāṇa) they are said to be the offspring of कश्यप (kaśyapa)'s wife दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā); compare चित्रव्याघ्र (citra-vyāghra)) (AV. etc.)
any pre-eminently strong or noble person, "a tiger among men" (compare ऋषभ (ṛṣabha), सिंह (siṃha))
Millettia pinnata (L.)
a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)
name of a rākṣasa (VP.)
name of a king (Rājat.)
name of various authors (also abridged from व्याघ्रपद् (vyāghra-pad)) (Cat.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of व्याघ्र (vyāghrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	व्याघ्रः vyāghráḥ	व्याघ्रौ vyāghraú	व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyāghrā́ḥ / vyāghrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	व्याघ्र vyā́ghra	व्याघ्रौ vyā́ghrau	व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyā́ghrāḥ / vyā́ghrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	व्याघ्रम् vyāghrám	व्याघ्रौ vyāghraú	व्याघ्रान् vyāghrā́n
Instrumental	व्याघ्रेण vyāghréṇa	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रैः / व्याघ्रेभिः¹ vyāghraíḥ / vyāghrébhiḥ¹
Dative	व्याघ्राय vyāghrā́ya	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ
Ablative	व्याघ्रात् vyāghrā́t	व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām	व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ
Genitive	व्याघ्रस्य vyāghrásya	व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ	व्याघ्राणाम् vyāghrā́ṇām
Locative	व्याघ्रे vyāghré	व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ	व्याघ्रेषु vyāghréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
Bhojpuri: बाघ (bāgh) / 𑂥𑂰𑂐 (bāgh)
Dhivehi: ވަގު‎ (vagu)
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: বাঘ (bagh)
- Bengali: বাঘ (bagh)
- Bishnupriya Manipuri: বাঘ
- Oriya: ବାଘ (baghô)
- Rohingya: bag
- Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠊ (bagó)
- Tangchangya: 𑄝𑄊𑄴
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: باگھ‎ (bāgh) / ਬਾਘ (bāgh)
- Sindhi: وَاگهُ‎ (vāghu)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
Pali: byaggha, vyaggha
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
→ Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
→ Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
→ Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṃ)
→ Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)
→? English: Viagra

References

Boisacq, Émile (1916), “ωχρός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 1085
Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 329
“व्याघ्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 529, column 2.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “व्याघ्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 303
Monier Williams (1899), “Vyāghrá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1036/2.

[1] Boisacq, Émile (1916), “ωχρός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 1085

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 329

[3] “व्याघ्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 529, column 2.

[4] Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “व्याघ्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 303

[5] Monier Williams (1899), “Vyāghrá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1036/2.