लवण
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लवण (lavaṇa). Doublet of लोन (lon).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /lə.ʋəɳ/, [l̪ə.ʋə̃ɳ]
Noun
लवण • (lavaṇ) m (formal)
- salt
- Synonyms: नमक (namak), लोन (lon)
Declension
Declension of लवण (masc cons-stem)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | लवण lavaṇ | लवण lavaṇ |
oblique | लवण lavaṇ | लवणों lavaṇõ |
vocative | लवण lavaṇ | लवणो lavaṇo |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬮᬯᬡ (Balinese script)
- লৱণ (Assamese script)
- লবণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰩𑰪𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀮𑀯𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌲𑌵𑌣 (Grantha script)
- લવણ (Gujarati script)
- ਲਵਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦭꦮꦟ (Javanese script)
- លវណ (Khmer script)
- ಲವಣ (Kannada script)
- ລວຓ (Lao script)
- ലവണ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘩𑘪𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- လဝဏ (Burmese script)
- 𑧉𑧊𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐮𑐰𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଲଵଣ (Oriya script)
- ꢭꢮꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆬𑆮𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖩𑖪𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ලවණ (Sinhalese script)
- లవణ (Telugu script)
- ลวณ (Thai script)
- ལ་ཝ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒪𑒫𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Uncertain. The meanings of both "salt" and "beauty" are also found in other languages; Lithuanian saldus (“sweet, charming”) is derived from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”).[1] Buck compares लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), originally "something cutting, sharp," from the root लू (lū, “to cut”), but this is dismissed as "forced" by Cai. Palsule compares रमण (ramaṇa, “pleasing, charming”), but Mayrhofer finds this unconvincing.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /lɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈl̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/
Noun
लवण • (lavaṇa) n
- salt (e.g. sea salt, rock salt, etc.)
- c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.12.34:
- अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥
- atoanyo lavaṇa-kṣāra-vargaḥ śulkaṃ dadyāt .
- Translation by R. Shamasastry
- Salt and alkalines for purposes other than this shall be subject to the payment of toll.
- अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥
- beauty, lustre
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Vocative | लवण lavaṇa | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
Locative | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
लवण • (lavaṇa) m
- saltiness, salinity
- saltwater sea
- name of a river
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | लवणः lavaṇaḥ | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | लवण lavaṇa | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणान् lavaṇān |
Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
Locative | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Adjective
लवण • (lavaṇa)
- salty, saline
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | लवणः lavaṇaḥ | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | लवण lavaṇa | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणौ lavaṇau | लवणान् lavaṇān |
Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
Locative | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of लवणा (lavaṇā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | लवणा lavaṇā | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
Vocative | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
Accusative | लवणाम् lavaṇām | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
Instrumental | लवणया / लवणा¹ lavaṇayā / lavaṇā¹ | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणाभिः lavaṇābhiḥ |
Dative | लवणायै lavaṇāyai | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणाभ्यः lavaṇābhyaḥ |
Ablative | लवणायाः lavaṇāyāḥ | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणाभ्यः lavaṇābhyaḥ |
Genitive | लवणायाः lavaṇāyāḥ | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
Locative | लवणायाम् lavaṇāyām | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणासु lavaṇāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Vocative | लवण lavaṇa | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt | लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām | लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
Locative | लवणे lavaṇe | लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ | लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Assamese: লোণ (lün)
- Bengali: লবণ (lôbôṇ)
- Kalasha: ḷọ̃
- Magahi: 𑂢𑂴𑂢
- Oriya: ଲୁଣ (luṇô)
- Pali: loṇa
- Phalura: lhoóṇ
- Punjabi: ਲੂਣ (lūṇ)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀡 (loṇa)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: लोन (lon)
- Urdu: لون (lon)
- Old Gujarati: लूण (lūṇa)
- Gujarati: લૂણ (lūṇ)
- Romani: lon
- Hindustani:
- Sinhalese: ලුණු (luṇu)
- Torwali: لن
- →Tatsama:
- Hindi: लवण (lavaṇ)
- Tamil: லவணம் (lavaṇam)
- Telugu: లవణము (lavaṇamu)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “lavaṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 637
- Monier Williams (1899), “लवण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 898.
- The British Journal of Psychology. (1905). United Kingdom: University Press, p. 119
- Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties. (2004). United States: University of Hawai'i Press, p. 118