रुधिर
Sanskrit
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) . Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoiδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).
The ephenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɽu.d̪ʱi.ɽɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɽu.d̪ʱi.ɽɐ/
Adjective
रुधिर • (rudhirá)
- red, blood-red, bloody
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | रुधिरः (rudhiraḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | रुधिरस्य (rudhirasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुधिरः (rudhiraḥ) | रुधिरौ (rudhirau) | रुधिराः (rudhirāḥ) |
| Vocative | रुधिर (rudhira) | रुधिरौ (rudhirau) | रुधिराः (rudhirāḥ) |
| Accusative | रुधिरम् (rudhiram) | रुधिरौ (rudhirau) | रुधिरान् (rudhirān) |
| Instrumental | रुधिरेण (rudhireṇa) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरैः (rudhiraiḥ) |
| Dative | रुधिराय (rudhirāya) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | रुधिरात् (rudhirāt) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | रुधिरस्य (rudhirasya) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिराणाम् (rudhirāṇām) |
| Locative | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिरेषु (rudhireṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of रुधिर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | रुधिरा (rudhirā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | रुधिरायाः (rudhirāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुधिरा (rudhirā) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराः (rudhirāḥ) |
| Vocative | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराः (rudhirāḥ) |
| Accusative | रुधिराम् (rudhirām) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराः (rudhirāḥ) |
| Instrumental | रुधिरया (rudhirayā) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिराभिः (rudhirābhiḥ) |
| Dative | रुधिरायै (rudhirāyai) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिराभ्यः (rudhirābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | रुधिरायाः (rudhirāyāḥ) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिराभ्यः (rudhirābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | रुधिरायाः (rudhirāyāḥ) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिराणाम् (rudhirāṇām) |
| Locative | रुधिरायाम् (rudhirāyām) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिरासु (rudhirāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | रुधिरम् (rudhiram) | ||
| Gen. sg. | रुधिरस्य (rudhirasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुधिरम् (rudhiram) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराणि (rudhirāṇi) |
| Vocative | रुधिर (rudhira) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराणि (rudhirāṇi) |
| Accusative | रुधिरम् (rudhiram) | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिराणि (rudhirāṇi) |
| Instrumental | रुधिरेण (rudhireṇa) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरैः (rudhiraiḥ) |
| Dative | रुधिराय (rudhirāya) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | रुधिरात् (rudhirāt) | रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirābhyām) | रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | रुधिरस्य (rudhirasya) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिराणाम् (rudhirāṇām) |
| Locative | रुधिरे (rudhire) | रुधिरयोः (rudhirayoḥ) | रुधिरेषु (rudhireṣu) |
Derived terms
- रुधिरोद्गारिन् (rudhirodgārin)
Noun
रुधिर • (rudhirá) m
- the bloodred planet or Mars
- a kind of precious stone (compare रुधिराख्य (rudhirā*khya))
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुधिरः rudhiráḥ | रुधिरौ rudhiraú | रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rudhirā́ḥ / rudhirā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | रुधिर rúdhira | रुधिरौ rúdhirau | रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rúdhirāḥ / rúdhirāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | रुधिरम् rudhirám | रुधिरौ rudhiraú | रुधिरान् rudhirā́n |
| Instrumental | रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | रुधिराय rudhirā́ya | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुधिरात् rudhirā́t | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुधिरस्य rudhirásya | रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ | रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām |
| Locative | रुधिरे rudhiré | रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ | रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
रुधिर • (rudhirá) n
- saffron
- name of a city
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुधिरम् rudhirám | रुधिरे rudhiré | रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹ |
| Vocative | रुधिर rúdhira | रुधिरे rúdhire | रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rúdhirāṇi / rúdhirā¹ |
| Accusative | रुधिरम् rudhirám | रुधिरे rudhiré | रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹ |
| Instrumental | रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | रुधिराय rudhirā́ya | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुधिरात् rudhirā́t | रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām | रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुधिरस्य rudhirásya | रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ | रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām |
| Locative | रुधिरे rudhiré | रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ | रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- → Telugu: రుధిరము (rudhiramu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “रुधिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0884.