राष्ट्र
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾᵊ/, [ɾäːʃ.ʈɾᵊ]
Noun
राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) m (Urdu spelling راشٹر)
- nation (sovereign state)
- दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध के दौरान, स्पेन तटस्थ राष्ट्र था।
- dūsre viśvayuddh ke daurān, spen taṭasth rāṣṭr thā.
- During the Second World War, Spain was a neutral nation.
- Synonyms: देश (deś), राज्य (rājya)
- nation (community of people having a common identity)
- हिंदू राष्ट्र ― hindū rāṣṭra ― the Hindu nation
Declension
Declension of राष्ट्र (masc cons-stem)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | राष्ट्र rāṣṭra | राष्ट्र rāṣṭra |
oblique | राष्ट्र rāṣṭra | राष्ट्रों rāṣṭrõ |
vocative | राष्ट्र rāṣṭra | राष्ट्रो rāṣṭro |
Derived terms
- महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)
- राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā)
- राष्ट्रीय (rāṣṭrīya)
Related terms
- राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrapti)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “राष्ट्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɾaʂ.ʈɾə/
Noun
राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) n or m
- country, realm, region; territory or tract
- assembled multitude, numerous company or concourse, host, swarm
- nation
Derived terms
- महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)
- राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā)
- राष्ट्रीय (rāṣṭrīy)
- राष्ट्रपती (rāṣṭraptī)
- राष्ट्रप्रेम (rāṣṭraprem)
- राष्ट्रभक्ती (rāṣṭrabhaktī)
- राष्ट्रवादी (rāṣṭravādī)
Further reading
- Molesworth, James T. (1831) A Dictionary Muraṭ,hee & English, Bombay, page 878
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [räs̠t̠rʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: रास्ट्र
Noun
राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra)
- nation, country
- Synonym: देश (deś)
References
- “राष्ट्र”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “राष्ट्र”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬭᬵᬱ᭄ᬝ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- ৰাষ্ট্ৰ (Assamese script)
- রাষ্ট্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰯𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀸𑀱𑁆𑀝𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌰𑌾𑌷𑍍𑌟𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- રાષ્ટ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਰਾਸ਼ੑਟੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦫꦴꦰ꧀ꦛꦿ (Javanese script)
- រាឞ្ដ្រ (Khmer script)
- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ຣາຩ຺ຏ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- രാഷ്ട്ര (Malayalam script)
- 𑘨𑘰𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᢗᢔᢌᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᢢᢞᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- ရာၑ္ဋြ (Burmese script)
- 𑧈𑧑𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐵𑐲𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର (Oriya script)
- ꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆳𑆰𑇀𑆛𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖯𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- රාෂ්ට්ර (Sinhalese script)
- రాష్ట్ర (Telugu script)
- ราษฺฏฺร (Thai script)
- རཱ་ཥྚྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒰𑒭𑓂𑒙𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- (Sinhala script) රාෂ්ට්ර (rāṣṭra)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-tro-m. *h₃rḗǵs (“king”) was reinterpreted as being from a root *h₃rēǵ- and *-trom (suffix denoting an instrument) was attached to it. See also राज् (rāj), राजन् (rājan).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/
Noun
राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭrá) m or n
- a kingdom, realm, empire, dominion, district, country
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.42.1:
- मम द्विता राष्ट्रं क्षत्रियस्य विश्वायोर्विश्वे अमृता यथा नः ।
क्रतुं सचन्ते वरुणस्य देवा राजामि कृष्टेरुपमस्य वव्रेः ॥- mama dvitā rāṣṭraṃ kṣatriyasya viśvāyorviśve amṛtā yathā naḥ .
kratuṃ sacante varuṇasya devā rājāmi kṛṣṭerupamasya vavreḥ . - I am the royal Ruler, this is my empire, all immortals testify to us.
The Gods follow the will of Varuṇa; I rule over the people of the highest form.
- mama dvitā rāṣṭraṃ kṣatriyasya viśvāyorviśve amṛtā yathā naḥ .
- मम द्विता राष्ट्रं क्षत्रियस्य विश्वायोर्विश्वे अमृता यथा नः ।
- a people, nation, subjects
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- public calamity such as plague, famine, etc.
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of राष्ट्र (rāṣṭrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | राष्ट्रम् rāṣṭrám | राष्ट्रे rāṣṭré | राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹ rāṣṭrā́ṇi / rāṣṭrā́¹ |
Vocative | राष्ट्र rā́ṣṭra | राष्ट्रे rā́ṣṭre | राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹ rā́ṣṭrāṇi / rā́ṣṭrā¹ |
Accusative | राष्ट्रम् rāṣṭrám | राष्ट्रे rāṣṭré | राष्ट्राणि / राष्ट्रा¹ rāṣṭrā́ṇi / rāṣṭrā́¹ |
Instrumental | राष्ट्रेण rāṣṭréṇa | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रैः / राष्ट्रेभिः¹ rāṣṭraíḥ / rāṣṭrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | राष्ट्राय rāṣṭrā́ya | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रेभ्यः rāṣṭrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | राष्ट्रात् rāṣṭrā́t | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रेभ्यः rāṣṭrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | राष्ट्रस्य rāṣṭrásya | राष्ट्रयोः rāṣṭráyoḥ | राष्ट्राणाम् rāṣṭrā́ṇām |
Locative | राष्ट्रे rāṣṭré | राष्ट्रयोः rāṣṭráyoḥ | राष्ट्रेषु rāṣṭréṣu |
Notes |
|
Masculine a-stem declension of राष्ट्र (rāṣṭrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | राष्ट्रः rāṣṭráḥ | राष्ट्रौ rāṣṭraú | राष्ट्राः / राष्ट्रासः¹ rāṣṭrā́ḥ / rāṣṭrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | राष्ट्र rā́ṣṭra | राष्ट्रौ rā́ṣṭrau | राष्ट्राः / राष्ट्रासः¹ rā́ṣṭrāḥ / rā́ṣṭrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | राष्ट्रम् rāṣṭrám | राष्ट्रौ rāṣṭraú | राष्ट्रान् rāṣṭrā́n |
Instrumental | राष्ट्रेण rāṣṭréṇa | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रैः / राष्ट्रेभिः¹ rāṣṭraíḥ / rāṣṭrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | राष्ट्राय rāṣṭrā́ya | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रेभ्यः rāṣṭrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | राष्ट्रात् rāṣṭrā́t | राष्ट्राभ्याम् rāṣṭrā́bhyām | राष्ट्रेभ्यः rāṣṭrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | राष्ट्रस्य rāṣṭrásya | राष्ट्रयोः rāṣṭráyoḥ | राष्ट्राणाम् rāṣṭrā́ṇām |
Locative | राष्ट्रे rāṣṭré | राष्ट्रयोः rāṣṭráyoḥ | राष्ट्रेषु rāṣṭréṣu |
Notes |
|
Synonyms
- राज्य (rājya), साम्राज्य (sāmrājya) (a kingdom, a great realm, an empire)
Derived terms
- राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrapati)
- राष्ट्रिका f (rāṣṭrikā)
- राष्ट्रीय (rāṣṭrīya)
- सुराष्ट्र (surāṣṭra)
Descendants
- Dhivehi: ރަށް (raṣ̊)
- Pali: raṭṭha
- → Lao: ລັດ (lat), ຣັຖ (rat) (old spelling)
- → Thai: รัฐ (rát)
Borrowed terms
- Hindi: राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra)
- Burmese: ရာသတြ (Raasatra)
- Malayalam: രാഷ്ട്രം (rāṣṭraṃ)
- Marathi: राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra)
- Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ (rāṣṭra)
- Nepali: राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra)
- Punjabi: ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ (rāśṭar)
- Telugu: రాష్ట్రము (rāṣṭramu)
- Thai: ราษฎร (râat-sà-dɔɔn), ราษฎร์ (râat)
Proper noun
राष्ट्र • (rāṣṭra) m
- name of a king (son of काशि)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “राष्ट्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0879.
- Haughton, Graves C. (1833), “ৰাষ্ট্ৰ”, in A Dictionary, Bengálí and Sanskrit, Explained in English, and Adapted for Students of Either Language, London: J. L. Cox & Son, page 2397