योग

See also: युग

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga), from युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /joːɡ/
(Yoga) (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /joː.ɡɑː/, [joː.ɡäː], /joː.ɡᵊ/
Rhymes: -oːɡ

Noun

योग • (yog) m (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism)

yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)
मैं प्रतिदिन प्रातः योग करता हूँ।
ma͠i pratidin prātaḥ yog kartā hū̃.
I do yoga every morning.
अमृत योग ― amŕt yog ― "Immortal Yoga"; kind of yoga
- Manish Verma (2017) योग से जीवन को स्वस्थ बनाएं
  भारतीय दर्शन में योग एक अति महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है।
  bhārtīya darśan mẽ yog ek ati mahatvapūrṇ śabd hai.
  In the Indian context, yoga is a very important word.
1. meditation
  Synonym: ध्यान (dhyān)
2. oneness with Brahma; enlightenment
use, utilization
Synonyms: उपयोग (upyog), प्रयोग (prayog), इस्तेमाल (istemāl)
1. benefit
  Synonym: लाभ (lābh)
combination, mixture
Synonyms: जोड़ (joṛ), मेल (mel), संयोग (sãyog), मिलन (milan)
(mathematics) total, sum
४ और ३ का योग ७ है। ― 4 aur 3 kā yog 7 hai. ― 4 + 3 = 7
Synonym: जोड़ (joṛ)
method, way, path
ज्ञान योग ― gyān yog ― path to knowledge; concept in Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism
contribution, help
(astrology) auspicious occasion

Declension

Declension of योग (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	योग yog	योग yog
oblique	योग yog	योगों yogõ
vocative	योग yog	योगो yogo

Derived terms

उपयोग (upyog)
प्रयोग (prayog)
योग करना (yog karnā)
योगी (yogī)
संयोग (sãyog)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ᬬᭀᬕ (Balinese script)
যোগ (Assamese script)
যোগ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰺𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑁄𑀕 (Brahmi script)
𑌯𑍋𑌗 (Grantha script)
યોગ (Gujarati script)
ਯੋਗ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦪꦺꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
យោគ (Khmer script)
ಯೋಗ (Kannada script)
ໂຍຄ (Lao script)
യോഗ (Malayalam script)
𑘧𑘻𑘐 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
ᠶᠣᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
ယောဂ (Burmese script)
𑧇𑧜𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑑀𑐐 (Newa script)
ଯୋଗ (Oriya script)
ꢫꣂꢔ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆾𑆓 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖺𑖐 (Siddham script)
යෝග (Sinhalese script)
యోగ (Telugu script)
โยค (Thai script)
ཡོ་ག (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒼𑒑 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́w.ɡɐ/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈjoː.ɡɐ/

Noun

योग • (yóga) m (Vedic yáuga)

the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing, putting to (of horses)
- RV 10.39.12c
  आ तेन यातं मनसो जवीयसा रथं यं वां रभवश्चक्रुरश्विना |
  यस्य योगे दुहिता जायते दिव उभे अहनीसुदिने विवस्वतः ||
  ā́ téna yātam mánaso jávīyasā rátʰaṃ yáṃ vām r̥bʰávaś cakrúr aśvinā |
  yásya yóge duhitā́ jā́yate divá ubʰé áhanī sudíne vivásvataḥ ||
  Come on that Chariot which the Rbhus wrought for you, the Chariot, Asvins, that is speedier than thought,
  At harnessing whereof Heaven's Daughter springs to birth, and from Vivasvan come auspicious Night and Day.
yoke, team, vehicle, conveyance
employment, use, application, performance
equipping or arraying (of an army)
fixing (of an arrow on the bow-string)
putting on (of armour)
remedy, cure
means, expedient, device, way, manner, method
supernatural means, charm, incantation, magical art
trick, stratagem, fraud, deceit (compare yoga-nanda)
undertaking, business, work
acquisition, gain, profit, wealth, property
occasion, opportunity
any junction, union, combination, contact with (+instrumental with or without सह (sahá), or compound)
योगम् (yogam) एति (eti) — to agree, consent, acquiesce in anything
mixing of various materials, mixture
partaking of, possessing (instrumental or compound)
connection, relation (योगात् (yogāt), योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yóga-tas) at the end of a compound: in consequence of, on account of, by reason of, according to, through)
putting together, arrangement, disposition, regular succession
fitting together, fitness, propriety, suitability
योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yóga-tas) — suitably, fitly, duly, in the right manner
exertion, endeavour, zeal, diligence, industry, care, attention
योगतस् (yóga-tas) — strenuously, assiduously
पूर्णेन योगेन (pūrṇena yogena) — with all one's powers, with overflowing zeal
yoga: application or concentration of the thoughts, abstract contemplation, meditation, (especially) self-concentration, abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system
any simple act or rite conducive to yoga or abstract meditation
Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya)
a follower of the yoga system
(in samkhya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 मूलिकअर्था (mūlika-arthā)s or radical facts)
(with पाशुपत (pāśupata)s) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul
(with पाञ्चरात्र (pāñcarātra)s) devotion, pious seeking after God
(with जैन (jaina)s) contact or mixing with the outer world
(astronomy) conjunction, lucky conjuncture
(astronomy) a constellation, asterism (these, with the moon, are called चान्द्रयोगाः (cāndra-yogāḥ) and are 13 in number; without the moon they are called खयोगाः (kha-yogāḥ), or नाभसयोगाः (nābhasa-yogāḥ))
(astronomy) the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism
(astronomy) name of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes; there are 27 such yogas beginning with विष्कम्भ (viṣkambha) and ending with वैधृति (vaidhṛti))
(arithmetic) addition, sum, total
(grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)
(grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism
the connection of a word with its root, original or etymological meaning (as opposed to रूढि (rūḍhi))
violator of confidence, spy
name of a scholiast or commentator on the परमार्थसार (paramārthasāra)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of योग (yóga)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	योगः yógaḥ	योगौ yógau	योगाः / योगासः¹ yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
Vocative	योग yóga	योगौ yógau	योगाः / योगासः¹ yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
Accusative	योगम् yógam	योगौ yógau	योगान् yógān
Instrumental	योगेन yógena	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगैः / योगेभिः¹ yógaiḥ / yógebhiḥ¹
Dative	योगाय yógāya	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगेभ्यः yógebhyaḥ
Ablative	योगात् yógāt	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगेभ्यः yógebhyaḥ
Genitive	योगस्य yógasya	योगयोः yógayoḥ	योगानाम् yógānām
Locative	योगे yóge	योगयोः yógayoḥ	योगेषु yógeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ English: yoga
→Tatsama:
- Hindi: योग (yog)
- Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam)
- Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “योग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 856.