यवन
See also: युवन, युवन्, and यौवन
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬬᬯᬦ (Balinese script)
- যৱন (Assamese script)
- যবন (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰪𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀯𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌯𑌵𑌨 (Grantha script)
- યવન (Gujarati script)
- ਯਵਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦪꦮꦤ (Javanese script)
- យវន (Khmer script)
- ಯವನ (Kannada script)
- ຍວນ (Lao script)
- യവന (Malayalam script)
- 𑘧𑘪𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠶᠠᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- ယဝန (Burmese script)
- 𑧇𑧊𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐰𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଯଵନ (Oriya script)
- ꢫꢮꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆮𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖪𑖡 (Siddham script)
- යවන (Sinhalese script)
- యవన (Telugu script)
- ยวน (Thai script)
- ཡ་ཝ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒫𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Borrowed from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), borrowed from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “an Ionian”). The earliest foreign contact of Sanskrit speakers was likely the armies of Alexander the Great. See also म्लेच्छ (mleccha, “non-Aryan, barbarian”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈjɐ.ʋɐ.n̪ɐ/
Noun
यवन • (yavana) m
- a foreigner, an outsider not part of the four-tiers of varna
- a Greek, Ionian
- यवनेश्वर ― yavaneśvara ― king of the Greeks
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
- c. 150 CE, Yavanajātaka :
- यवनजातक
- yavanajātaka
- nativity according to the Greeks
- यवनजातक
- Bactrian
- Scythians
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.54.20b, 21a:
- विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
भूय एव असृजत् घोरान् शकान् यवन मिश्रितान् ।- viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā .
bhūya eva asṛjat ghorān śakān yavana miśritān .
- 2002 translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao
- On seeing the subdual of hundreds of Pahlava-s by Vishvamitra, then the Sacred Cow again generated deadly Shaka-s hobnobbed with Yavana-s through her mooing 'hums'.
- viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā .
- विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
- Arab, Muslim
- (Late Sanskrit) a European
- a Greek, Ionian
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of यवन | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | यवनः (yavanaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | यवनस्य (yavanasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | यवनः (yavanaḥ) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनाः (yavanāḥ) |
Vocative | यवन (yavana) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनाः (yavanāḥ) |
Accusative | यवनम् (yavanam) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनान् (yavanān) |
Instrumental | यवनेन (yavanena) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) |
Dative | यवनाय (yavanāya) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | यवनात् (yavanāt) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | यवनस्य (yavanasya) | यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) | यवनानाम् (yavanānām) |
Locative | यवने (yavane) | यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) | यवनेषु (yavaneṣu) |
Descendants
- → Bengali: যবন (ĵôbônô)
- → Hindi: यवन (yavan)
- → Tamil: யவனர் (yavaṉar)
- → Middle Chinese: 耶槃那 (MC jia buɑn nɑ)
- → Thai: ยวน (yuuan)
- → Burmese: ယွန်း (ywan:)
- → Urdu: یون (yavan)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “यवन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 848.