यव

See also: युवा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬬᬯ (Balinese script)
যৱ (Assamese script)
যব (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀯 (Brahmi script)
𑌯𑌵 (Grantha script)
યવ (Gujarati script)
ਯਵ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦪꦮ (Javanese script)
យវ (Khmer script)
ಯವ (Kannada script)
ຍວ (Lao script)
യവ (Malayalam script)
𑘧𑘪 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᠶᠠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
ယဝ (Burmese script)
𑧇𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐰 (Newa script)
ଯଵ (Oriya script)
ꢫꢮ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆮 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖪 (Siddham script)
යව (Sinhalese script)
యవ (Telugu script)
ยว (Thai script)
ཡ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒫 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley, cereal”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (yauua), Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá), Old Irish eórna (whence Irish eorna (“barley”)), Lithuanian javaĩ, Persian ‎ (jou).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́.ʋɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈjɐ.ʋɐ/

Noun

यव • (yáva) m

barley
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.27.8:
  गावो यवं प्रयुता अर्यो अक्षन्ता अपश्यं सहगोपाश्चरन्तीः ।
  gā́vo yávam práyutā aryó akṣantā́ apaśyam sahágopāścárantīḥ.
  The freed kine eat the barley of the pious; I saw them as they wandered with the herdsman.
grain, cereal
name for island of Java, whence perhaps came the English "Java"
a unit of measurement of weight or length

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of यव (yáva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	यवः yávaḥ	यवौ yávau	यवाः / यवासः¹ yávāḥ / yávāsaḥ¹
Vocative	यव yáva	यवौ yávau	यवाः / यवासः¹ yávāḥ / yávāsaḥ¹
Accusative	यवम् yávam	यवौ yávau	यवान् yávān
Instrumental	यवेन yávena	यवाभ्याम् yávābhyām	यवैः / यवेभिः¹ yávaiḥ / yávebhiḥ¹
Dative	यवाय yávāya	यवाभ्याम् yávābhyām	यवेभ्यः yávebhyaḥ
Ablative	यवात् yávāt	यवाभ्याम् yávābhyām	यवेभ्यः yávebhyaḥ
Genitive	यवस्य yávasya	यवयोः yávayoḥ	यवानाम् yávānām
Locative	यवे yáve	यवयोः yávayoḥ	यवेषु yáveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

यव-द्वीप (yava-dvīpa, “Java”, literally “island of barley”)

Descendants

Terms inherited from यव (yáva)

Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (žō)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (žō)
- Grangali: [script needed] (zō)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (yåw)
- Kalami: [script needed] (yō)
- Kalasha: ژو‎ (žō)
- Khowar: [script needed] (žō)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yō)
- Northeast Pashayi: [Term?] (yō)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (žā)
- Phalura: [script needed] (yū)
- Savi: [script needed] (yū)
- Shina: यो (yō)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (zo)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yā)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (zau)
- Torwali: [script needed] (yōu)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (zō)
Pali: yava
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
- Helu:
  - Sinhalese: යව (yawa)
- Khasa Prakrit:
  - Garhwali: जो (jo)
  - Kumaoni: जौ (jau)
  - Nepali: जौ (jau)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Bengali: যব (jôb)
  - Bihari: जौ (jau)
    - Maithili: जौ (jau)
  - Oriya: ଯଅ (jôô)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
  - Old Marathi: jau
    Devanagari: जउ (jaü)
    Modi: 𑘕𑘄 (jau)
    - Marathi: जव (jav)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi: ਜੌਂ (jaũ)
      Shahmukhi: جوں‎ (joṉ)
      - Lahnda: ਜੋ‎ (jo)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
  - Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    - Gujarati: જવ (jav)
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani: jau
      Hindi: जौ
      Urdu: جَو‎
  - Romani: džov

यव