यन्त्र
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬬᬦ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- যন্ত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- যন্ত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰡𑰿𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- યન્ત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਯਨੑਤੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- យន្ត្រ (Khmer script)
- ಯನ್ತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ຍນ຺ຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- യന്ത്ര (Malayalam script)
- 𑘧𑘡𑘿𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠶᠠᠨᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- ယန္တြ (Burmese script)
- 𑧇𑧁𑧠𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐣𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (Oriya script)
- ꢫꢥ꣄ꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆤𑇀𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖡𑖿𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- යන්ත්ර (Sinhalese script)
- యన్త్ర (Telugu script)
- ยนฺตฺร (Thai script)
- ཡ་ནྟྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒢𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *yem-tró-m (“instrument of restraining”), from *yem- (“to hold, to restrain”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /jɐn.tɾɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈjɐn̪.t̪ɾɐ/
Noun
यन्त्र • (yantrá) n
- any instrument for holding or restraining or fastening, a prop, support, barrier; a fetter, band, tie, thong, rein
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.149.1:
- सविता यन्त्रैः पृथिवीमरम्णादस्कम्भने सविता द्यामदृंहत् ।
- savitā yantraiḥ pṛthivīmaramṇādaskambhane savitā dyāmadṛṃhat .
- Savitar fixed the earth with fetters to bind it, and made heaven stedfast where no prop supported.
- सविता यन्त्रैः पृथिवीमरम्णादस्कम्भने सविता द्यामदृंहत् ।
- a surgical instrument (especially a blunt one, such as tweezers)
- any instrument or apparatus, mechanical contrivance, engine, machine, implement, appliance (as a bolt or lock on a door, oars or sails in a boat. etc.)
- restraint, force
- an amulet, mystical diagram supposed to possess occult powers
- (modern) a machine
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of यन्त्र (yantrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | यन्त्रम् yantrám | यन्त्रे yantré | यन्त्राणि / यन्त्रा¹ yantrā́ṇi / yantrā́¹ |
| Vocative | यन्त्र yántra | यन्त्रे yántre | यन्त्राणि / यन्त्रा¹ yántrāṇi / yántrā¹ |
| Accusative | यन्त्रम् yantrám | यन्त्रे yantré | यन्त्राणि / यन्त्रा¹ yantrā́ṇi / yantrā́¹ |
| Instrumental | यन्त्रेण yantréṇa | यन्त्राभ्याम् yantrā́bhyām | यन्त्रैः / यन्त्रेभिः¹ yantraíḥ / yantrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | यन्त्राय yantrā́ya | यन्त्राभ्याम् yantrā́bhyām | यन्त्रेभ्यः yantrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | यन्त्रात् yantrā́t | यन्त्राभ्याम् yantrā́bhyām | यन्त्रेभ्यः yantrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | यन्त्रस्य yantrásya | यन्त्रयोः yantráyoḥ | यन्त्राणाम् yantrā́ṇām |
| Locative | यन्त्रे yantré | यन्त्रयोः yantráyoḥ | यन्त्रेषु yantréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- → Baluchi: [script needed] (ǰandar, ǰantar, ǰanthir, ǰāthar, ǰathir)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: यन्द्र् (yandr)
- Kalasha: žontr
- Phalura: yáandr
- Torwali: ژان (žān)
- Pali: yanta
- → Khmer: យន្ត (yŭən), យ័ន្ត (yŭən), យន្ត្រ (yŭən)
- → Thai: ยนต์ (yon)
- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀢 (jaṃta)
- Bhojpuri: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰 (jā̃tā)
- Early Assamese: জান্ত (janto), জান্ত্ (jant), জান্তি (janti)
- Assamese: যাঁত (zãt), যাঁতি (zãti)
- Hindi: जाँत (jā̃t)
- Magahi: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰
- Nepali: जाँतो (jā̃to)
- Sindhi: jaṇḍu
- Devanagari: जंडु
- Arabic: جَنڊُ
- Romani: ǰándir, ǰándri
- → Assamese: যঁতৰ (zõtor), যন্ত্ৰ (zontro)
- → Oriya: ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (jôntrô)
- Punjabi: ਜੰਦਰਾ (jandrā)
- → English: yantra
- → Kannada: ಯಂತ್ರ (yantra)
- → Malayalam: യന്ത്രം (yantraṃ)
- → Pashto: يندره (jandrá)
- → Persian: جندره (jandara)
- → Ottoman Turkish: جندره (cendere)
- Turkish: cendere
- → Egyptian Arabic: جَنْدَرَة (gandara, “mangle, calender and any rotary press”)
- → Ottoman Turkish: جندره (cendere)
- → Tamil: இயந்திரம் (iyantiram)
- → Telugu: యంత్రము (yantramu)
- → Tocharian B: yāntärne
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “यन्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 845.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “यन्त्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1923), “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, pages 259–265
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 7