मुष्टि
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭí). Doublet of मूठ (mūṭh), मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), and मुठिया (muṭhiyā).
Cognate to Persian مشت (môsht)
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /mʊʂ.ʈiː/, [mʊʃ.ʈiː]
Noun
मुष्टि • (muṣṭi) f
- (rare, formal) a fist
Declension
Declension of मुष्टि (fem i-stem)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | मुष्टि muṣṭi | मुष्टियाँ muṣṭiyā̃ |
oblique | मुष्टि muṣṭi | मुष्टियों muṣṭiyõ |
vocative | मुष्टि muṣṭi | मुष्टियो muṣṭiyo |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “मुष्टि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “मुष्टि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “मुष्टि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬫᬸᬱ᭄ᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
- মুষ্টি (Assamese script)
- মুষ্টি (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
- મુષ્ટિ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਸ਼ੑਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦩꦸꦰ꧀ꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
- មុឞ្ដិ (Khmer script)
- ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (Kannada script)
- ມຸຩ຺ຏິ (Lao script)
- മുഷ്ടി (Malayalam script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᢔᢌᢈ (Mongolian script)
- ᠮᡠᢢᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
- မုၑ္ဋိ (Burmese script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
- ମୁଷ୍ଟି (Oriya script)
- ꢪꢸꢰ꣄ꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
- මුෂ්ටි (Sinhalese script)
- ముష్టి (Telugu script)
- มุษฺฏิ (Thai script)
- མུ་ཥྚི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti), Middle Persian mwšt' (mušt).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /muʂ.ʈí/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmuʂ.ʈi/
Noun
मुष्टि • (muṣṭí) m or f
- fist, clenched hand
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.47.30:
- अप प्रोथ दुन्दुभे दुच्छुना इत इन्द्रस्य मुष्टिर्असि वीळयस्व॥
- apa protha dundubhe ducchunā ita indrasya muṣṭirasi vīḷayasva.
- O War-drum, drive away misfortune: thou art the Fist of Indra: show thy firmness.
- अप प्रोथ दुन्दुभे दुच्छुना इत इन्द्रस्य मुष्टिर्असि वीळयस्व॥
- a handful, fistful
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
- stealing
- sword hilt
- the penis
Declension
Masculine i-stem declension of मुष्टि (muṣṭí) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मुष्टिः muṣṭíḥ | मुष्टी muṣṭī́ | मुष्टयः muṣṭáyaḥ |
Vocative | मुष्टे múṣṭe | मुष्टी múṣṭī | मुष्टयः múṣṭayaḥ |
Accusative | मुष्टिम् muṣṭím | मुष्टी muṣṭī́ | मुष्टीन् muṣṭī́n |
Instrumental | मुष्टिना / मुष्ट्या¹ muṣṭínā / muṣṭyā̀¹ | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभिः muṣṭíbhiḥ |
Dative | मुष्टये / मुष्ट्ये² muṣṭáye / muṣṭyè² | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ |
Ablative | मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्यः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyàḥ² | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ |
Genitive | मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्यः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyàḥ² | मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ | मुष्टीनाम् muṣṭīnā́m |
Locative | मुष्टौ muṣṭaú | मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ | मुष्टिषु muṣṭíṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine i-stem declension of मुष्टि (muṣṭí) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मुष्टिः muṣṭíḥ | मुष्टी muṣṭī́ | मुष्टयः muṣṭáyaḥ |
Vocative | मुष्टे múṣṭe | मुष्टी múṣṭī | मुष्टयः múṣṭayaḥ |
Accusative | मुष्टिम् muṣṭím | मुष्टी muṣṭī́ | मुष्टीः muṣṭī́ḥ |
Instrumental | मुष्ट्या muṣṭyā̀ | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभिः muṣṭíbhiḥ |
Dative | मुष्टये / मुष्ट्ये¹ / मुष्ट्यै² muṣṭáye / muṣṭyè¹ / muṣṭyaì² | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ |
Ablative | मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्याः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyā̀ḥ² | मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām | मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ |
Genitive | मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्याः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyā̀ḥ² | मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ | मुष्टीनाम् muṣṭīnā́m |
Locative | मुष्टौ / मुष्ट्याम्² muṣṭaú / muṣṭyā̀m² | मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ | मुष्टिषु muṣṭíṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kalasha: muṣṭí
- Kashmiri: مۄٹھ (mọṭh)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মুঠি (muthi)
- Bengali: মুঠি (muṭhi); Bengali: মুঠা (muṭha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi)
- Konkani:
- Devanagari: मूट (mūṭ)
- Kannada: ಮೂಟ್ (ಮೂಟ್)
- Latin: mut
- Marathi: मूठ (mūṭh)
- Konkani:
- ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀅 (muṭṭhia)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari: मुठी (muṭhī, “fist”), मुठीया (muṭhīyā, “Muthia”)
- Modi: 𑘦𑘳𑘙𑘲 (muṭhī, “fist”), 𑘦𑘳𑘙𑘲𑘧𑘰 (muṭhīyā, “Muthia”)
- Old Marathi:
- Pali: muṭṭhi
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi)
- Gujarati: મૂઠ (mūṭh)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: मूठ (mūṭh)
- Urdu: مُوٹھ (mūṭh)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਮੁੱਠ (muṭṭha)
- Shahmukhi: مُٹھّ (muṭhh)
- ⇒ Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀕 (muṭṭhiga)
- Gujarati: મુઠ્ઠી (muṭhṭhī), મૂઠિયું (mūṭhiyũ, “Muthia”)
- → English: muthia, muthiya
- → Kannada: ಮೂಠಿಯಾ (mūṭhiyā)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), मुठिया (muṭhiyā)
- Urdu: مُٹھی (muṭṭhī), مُٹھیا (muṭhiyā)
- Nepali: मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਮੁੱਠੀ (muṭṭhī)
- Shahmukhi: مُٹھِّی (muṭhhī)
- Gujarati: મુઠ્ઠી (muṭhṭhī), મૂઠિયું (mūṭhiyũ, “Muthia”)
- → Bengali: মুষ্টি (muṣṭi)
- → Gujarati: મુષ્ટિ (muṣṭi)
- → Kannada: ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (muṣṭi)
- → Tamil: முஷ்டி (muṣṭi)
- → Telugu: ముష్టి (muṣṭi)
- → Hindi: मुष्टि (muṣṭi) (learned)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “मुष्टि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 824.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “मुष्टि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “muṣṭí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press