मित्र
See also: मित्रो and मित्रा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /mɪt̪.ɾᵊ/
Noun
मित्र • (mitra) m (feminine मित्रा, Urdu spelling متر)
- male friend
- मैंने एक मित्र से अपना सामान मँगवाया।
- mainne ek mitr se apnā sāmān maṅgvāyā.
- I got a friend to bring my luggage.
- मेरे मित्र ने मुझे ठगा है।
- mere mitr ne mujhe ṭhagā hai.
- My friend has duped me.
- ally
- दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध में, इंग्लैंड अमरीका का पक्का मित्र था।
- dūsre viśvayuddh mẽ, iṅglaiṇḍ amrīkā kā pakkā mitr thā.
- During the Second World War, England was America's staunch ally.
Declension
Declension of मित्र (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | मित्र mitra | मित्र mitra |
| oblique | मित्र mitra | मित्रों mitrõ |
| vocative | मित्र mitra | मित्रो mitro |
Synonyms
- (friend): दोस्त (dost)
Related terms
- मित्रा f (mitrā)
- मित्राई f (mitrāī)
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “मित्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Noun
मित्र • (mitra) ?
- friend
- the sun
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mit̪rʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: मित्र
Noun
मित्र • (mitra)
- friend
- companion
Derived terms
- मित्रता [mitratā]
See also
- साथी [sāthī]
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- মিত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- মিত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰰𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌮𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- મિત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਮਿਤੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- មិត្រ (Khmer script)
- ಮಿತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ມິຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- മിത്ര (Malayalam script)
- 𑘦𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠮᢈᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠮᡳᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- မိတြ (Burmese script)
- 𑧆𑧒𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ମିତ୍ର (Oriya script)
- ꢪꢶꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆴𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖰𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- මිත්ර (Sinhalese script)
- మిత్ర (Telugu script)
- มิตฺร (Thai script)
- མི་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /miθra/).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /mit.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmit̪.ɾɐ/
Noun
मित्र • (mitrá) m or n
- a friend, companion, associate
- the sun
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | मित्रः mitráḥ | मित्रौ mitraú | मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mitrā́ḥ / mitrā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | मित्र mítra | मित्रौ mítrau | मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mítrāḥ / mítrāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám | मित्रौ mitraú | मित्रान् mitrā́n |
| Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
| Locative | मित्रे mitré | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | मित्रम् mitrám | मित्रे mitré | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
| Vocative | मित्र mítra | मित्रे mítre | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹ |
| Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám | मित्रे mitré | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
| Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
| Locative | मित्रे mitré | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Proper noun
मित्र • (mitrá) m or n
- Mitra
- name of a मरुत् (marut)
- name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men
- name of the third मुहूर्त (muhūrta)
- (in the dual) = मित्रवरुण (mitrá-varuṇa)
Noun
मित्र • (mitrá) n
- friendship
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.03
- kīdṛ́ňň índraḥ sarame kā́ dṛšīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́r ásaraḥ parākā́t
ā́ ca gáchān mitrám enā dadhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatir no bhavāti- What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?
Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.
- What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?
- a friend, companion
- (with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
- an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
- a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
- (at the end of a compound) resembling, like
- name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
- a particular mode of fighting
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | मित्रम् mitrám | मित्रे mitré | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
| Vocative | मित्र mítra | मित्रे mítre | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹ |
| Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám | मित्रे mitré | मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
| Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t | मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām | मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
| Locative | मित्रे mitré | मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ | मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
Terms inherited from मित्र (mitra)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: mạthᵃr
- Devanagari: मऺथर
- Arabic: مٔتھر
- Kashmiri: mạthᵃr
- Pali: mitta
- → Thai: มิตร (mít)
- → Burmese: မိတ္တ (mitta.)
- → Khmer: មិត្ត (mɨt)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)
- Central:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā
- Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता
- Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا
- Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মিত (mit), মিতা (mita)
- Bengali: মিতা (mita)
- Oriya: ମିତ (mitô), ମିତା (mita)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri:
- Devanagari: मीत
- Kaithi: 𑂧𑂲𑂞
- Bhojpuri:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Kumaoni: मीत (mīt)
- Nepali: मित (mit)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Southern:
- Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: މިތުރު (mituru)
- Sinhalese: මිත් (mit), මිතුරු (mituru)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Western:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: mitt
- Gurmukhi: ਮਿੱਤ
- Shahmukhi: مِتّ
- Sindhi: miṭru
- Arabic: مِٹرُ
- Devanagari: मिट्रु
- Kachchi: મિત્તર (mittar)
- Punjabi: mitt
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Central:
Terms derived from मित्र (mitra)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: میترین (mētrēn)
- Central:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindustani: mītī, mītan
- Hindi: मीती, मीतन
- Urdu: مِیتتِی, مِیتَن
- Hindustani: mītī, mītan
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মিতিনি (mitini)
- Bengali: মিতিন (mitin)
- Oriya: ମିଟଣି (miṭôṇi)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: मित्यानि (mityāni)
- Khasa Prakrit:
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mitra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 582