पाश
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /pɑːʃ/, [päːʃ]
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Persian پاشیدن (pâšīdan).
Adjective
पाश • (pāś) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاش)
- (chiefly in compounds) scattered, broken into pieces
Etymology 2
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पाश (pā́śa). Doublet of फाँस (phā̃s).
Noun
पाश • (pāś) m (Urdu spelling پاش)
- noose
- net, snare, clutches
Declension
Declension of पाश (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | पाश pāś | पाश pāś |
| oblique | पाश pāś | पाशों pāśõ |
| vocative | पाश pāś | पाशो pāśo |
Further reading
- Platts, John T. (1884), “पाश”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “पाश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬧᬵᬰ (Balinese script)
- পাশ (Assamese script)
- পাশ (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰯𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀸𑀰 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌪𑌾𑌶 (Grantha script)
- પાશ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦥꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
- បាឝ (Khmer script)
- ಪಾಶ (Kannada script)
- ປາຨ (Lao script)
- പാശ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘢𑘰𑘫 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᢒᠠ᠊ᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
- ပါၐ (Burmese script)
- 𑧂𑧑𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐵𑐱 (Newa script)
- ପାଶ (Oriya script)
- ꢦꢵꢯ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆳𑆯 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖯𑖫 (Siddham script)
- පාශ (Sinhalese script)
- పాశ (Telugu script)
- ปาศ (Thai script)
- པཱ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒰𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-ó-s, from *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, tie, fasten”). Cognate with Middle Persian pštk' (paštag, “bond”), Parthian [script needed] (pštg, “bound, fettered”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀-𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬁𐬝 (auua-pašāt̰, 3rd person singular subjunctive), Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną (“to join together”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɑ́ː.ɕɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/
Noun
पाश • (pā́śa) m
- a noose, cord, bond, chain or a fetter; a snare, trap (literally and figuratively)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.88.7:
- ध्रुवासु त्वासु क्षितिषु क्षियन्तो व्यस्मत्पाशं वरुणो मुमोचत् ।
अवो वन्वाना अदितेरुपस्थाद्यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥- dhruvāsu tvāsu kṣitiṣu kṣiyanto vyasmatpāśaṃ varuṇo mumocat .
avo vanvānā aditerupasthādyūyaṃ pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ . - While we abide in these fixed habitations, and from the lap of Aditi win favour,
May Varuṇa untie the bond that binds us. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.
- dhruvāsu tvāsu kṣitiṣu kṣiyanto vyasmatpāśaṃ varuṇo mumocat .
- ध्रुवासु त्वासु क्षितिषु क्षियन्तो व्यस्मत्पाशं वरुणो मुमोचत् ।
- (especially) the noose carried by Shiva, Yama or Varuna
- anything that binds or fetters the soul; the outer world, nature
- selvage, edge, border (of anything woven)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of पाश (pā́śa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पाशः pā́śaḥ | पाशौ pā́śau | पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pā́śāḥ / pā́śāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | पाश pā́śa | पाशौ pā́śau | पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pā́śāḥ / pā́śāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | पाशम् pā́śam | पाशौ pā́śau | पाशान् pā́śān |
| Instrumental | पाशेन pā́śena | पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām | पाशैः / पाशेभिः¹ pā́śaiḥ / pā́śebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पाशाय pā́śāya | पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām | पाशेभ्यः pā́śebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पाशात् pā́śāt | पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām | पाशेभ्यः pā́śebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पाशस्य pā́śasya | पाशयोः pā́śayoḥ | पाशानाम् pā́śānām |
| Locative | पाशे pā́śe | पाशयोः pā́śayoḥ | पाशेषु pā́śeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa)
- Pali: pāsa
Etymology 2
Sanskritized from Prakrit pāsa (“dice”), which is from Sanskrit प्रास (prāsa, “throwing, casting [a dice]”), प्रास्यति (prāsyati, “to throw, cast; to lay a wager”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/
Noun
पाश • (pāśa) m
- a die, dice
- Synonym: प्रास (prāsa)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of पाश (pāśa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पाशः pāśaḥ | पाशौ pāśau | पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pāśāḥ / pāśāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | पाश pāśa | पाशौ pāśau | पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pāśāḥ / pāśāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | पाशम् pāśam | पाशौ pāśau | पाशान् pāśān |
| Instrumental | पाशेन pāśena | पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām | पाशैः / पाशेभिः¹ pāśaiḥ / pāśebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पाशाय pāśāya | पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām | पाशेभ्यः pāśebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पाशात् pāśāt | पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām | पाशेभ्यः pāśebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पाशस्य pāśasya | पाशयोः pāśayoḥ | पाशानाम् pāśānām |
| Locative | पाशे pāśe | पाशयोः pāśayoḥ | पाशेषु pāśeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Further reading
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “pāśa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Monier Williams (1899), “पाश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 623.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pāśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pā́śa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*pas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “pā́śa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125