निर्वाण
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) (indeclinable)
- extinguished, blown out
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) m
- (Buddhism) nirvana
Declension
Declension of निर्वाण (masc cons-stem)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | निर्वाण nirvāṇ | निर्वाण nirvāṇ |
oblique | निर्वाण nirvāṇ | निर्वाणों nirvāṇõ |
vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇ | निर्वाणो nirvāṇo |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬦᬶᬃᬯᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
- নিৰ্ৱাণ (Assamese script)
- নির্বাণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
- નિર્વાણ (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਰੑਵਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
- និវ៌ាណ (Khmer script)
- ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (Kannada script)
- ນິຣ຺ວາຓ (Lao script)
- നിര്വാണ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠨᢈᠷᢦᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠨᡳᡵᠣᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- နိရွာဏ (Burmese script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
- ନିର୍ଵାଣ (Oriya script)
- ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢮꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
- නිර්වාණ (Sinhalese script)
- నిర్వాణ (Telugu script)
- นิรฺวาณ (Thai script)
- ནི་རྭཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From निस् (nis, “out”) + वान (vāna, “blown”), past participle of वा (√vā, “to blow”). Cognates of वा (√vā) include Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), English weather, athlete, vent and wind.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /n̪iɾˈʋɑː.ɳɐ/
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) n (Classical Sanskrit)
- blowing out, extinction, cessation, setting, vanishing, disappearance
- निर्वाणं कृ ― nirvāṇaṃ √kṛ ― to blow out, extinguish
- (Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit
- (Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions
- (figuratively) perfect calm or repose or happiness, highest bliss or beatitude
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe | निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
Vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇa | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe | निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
Accusative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe | निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
Instrumental | निर्वाणेन nirvāṇena | निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām | निर्वाणैः / निर्वाणेभिः¹ nirvāṇaiḥ / nirvāṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | निर्वाणाय nirvāṇāya | निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām | निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | निर्वाणात् nirvāṇāt | निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām | निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | निर्वाणस्य nirvāṇasya | निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ | निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām |
Locative | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe | निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ | निर्वाणेषु nirvāṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Central:
- Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)
- Marathi: निवाण (nivāṇ, “cooling application for eyes”), निवाणें (nivāṇẽ, “destruction”), निव्णें (nivṇẽ, “hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool”)
- Pali: nibbāna
- → Burmese: နိဗ္ဗာန် (nibban)
- → Khmer: និព្វាន (nɨppiən)
- → Lao: ນິພານ (ni phān)
- → Thai: นิพพาน (níp-paan)
- → Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirbaṇ)
- → Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)
- → Japanese: 涅槃 (nehan)
- → Korean: 열반 (yeolban)
- → Vietnamese: niết bàn
- → English: nirvana
- → Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)
- → Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Indonesian: nirwana
- → Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)
- → Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa)
- blown or put out, extinguished (as a lamp or fire), set (as the sun), calmed, quieted, tamed, dead, deceased (lit. having the fire of life extinguished), lost, disappeared
- immersed, plunged
- immovable
References
- Collins, Steven (2010) Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative. Cambridge University Press, pages 63-64.
- Monier Williams (1899), “निर्वाण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0557.