निर्भय

निर्भय

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). Synchronically analysable as निर्- (nir-) +‎ भय (bhay).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.bʱəj/, [n̪ɪɾ.bʱəj]

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhay) (indeclinable)

1. fearless, undaunted, unafraid

   Synonyms: निडर (niḍar), निर्दर (nirdar), अभय (abhay), अभीक (abhīk), निर्भीक (nirbhīk)

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “निर्भय”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884), “निर्भय”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “निर्भय”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

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Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). Synchronically analysable as निर्- (nir-) +‎ भय (bhay). Compare Old Marathi 𑘡𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧𑘝𑘰 (nīrbhayatā, “fearlessness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /niɾ.bʱəj/

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhay)

1. fearless, unafraid
2. safe, secure

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine, “निर्भय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “निर्भय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Date, Yasavanta Ramakrshna (1932-1950), “निर्भय”, in Maharashtra Sabdakosa (in Marathi), Pune: Maharashtra Kosamandala.

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬦᬶᬃᬪᬬ (Balinese script)
• নিৰ্ভয (Assamese script)
• নির্ভয (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰥𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌯 (Grantha script)
• નિર્ભય (Gujarati script)
• ਨਿਰੑਭਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦤꦶꦂꦨꦪ (Javanese script)
• និភ៌យ (Khmer script)
• ನಿರ್ಭಯ (Kannada script)
• ນິຣ຺ຠຍ (Lao script)
• നിര്ഭയ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠨᢈᠷᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• ᠨᡳᡵᢨᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• နိရ်္ဘယ (Burmese script)
• 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧅𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐫 (Newa script)
• ନିର୍ଭଯ (Oriya script)
• ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢩꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆨𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖥𑖧 (Siddham script)
• නිර්භය (Sinhalese script)
• నిర్భయ (Telugu script)
• นิรฺภย (Thai script)
• ནི་རྦྷ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From निस्- (nis-, negative prefix) +‎ भय (bhaya, “fear”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /niɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪iɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/

Adjective

निर्भय • (nirbhaya)

1. fearless, undaunted, unafraid

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:निर्भय

2. free from danger, safe, secure, tranquil

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयः nirbhayaḥ	निर्भयौ nirbhayau	निर्भयाः / निर्भयासः¹ nirbhayāḥ / nirbhayāsaḥ¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भयौ nirbhayau	निर्भयाः / निर्भयासः¹ nirbhayāḥ / nirbhayāsaḥ¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भयौ nirbhayau	निर्भयान् nirbhayān
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of निर्भया (nirbhayā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भया nirbhayā	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Vocative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Accusative	निर्भयाम् nirbhayām	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाः nirbhayāḥ
Instrumental	निर्भयया / निर्भया¹ nirbhayayā / nirbhayā¹	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभिः nirbhayābhiḥ
Dative	निर्भयायै nirbhayāyai	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभ्यः nirbhayābhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयायाः nirbhayāyāḥ	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयाभ्यः nirbhayābhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयायाः nirbhayāyāḥ	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भयायाम् nirbhayāyām	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयासु nirbhayāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: nibbhaya
• Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀬 (ṇibbhaya)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari: निभ (nibha)

      Modi: 𑘡𑘲𑘥 (nībha)

• → Assamese: নিৰ্ভয় (nirbhoy) (learned)
• → Bengali: নির্ভয় (nirbhôẏ) (learned)
• → Hindi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
• → Gujarati: નિર્ભય (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Kannada: ನಿರ್ಭಯ (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Maithili: (learned)

  Devanagari: निर्भय (nirbhay)

  Tirhuta: 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (nirbhaya)

• → Malayalam: നിർഭയം (niṟbhayaṃ) (learned)
• → Marathi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
• → Oriya: ନିର୍ଭୟ (nirbhôyô) (learned)
• → Sinhalese: නිර්‍භය (nirbhaya) (learned)
• → Telugu: నిర్భయము (nirbhayamu)

Noun

निर्भय • (nirbhaya) n

1. fearlessness, security

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्भय (nirbhaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Vocative	निर्भय nirbhaya	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Accusative	निर्भयम् nirbhayam	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भयाणि / निर्भया¹ nirbhayāṇi / nirbhayā¹
Instrumental	निर्भयेण nirbhayeṇa	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयैः / निर्भयेभिः¹ nirbhayaiḥ / nirbhayebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्भयाय nirbhayāya	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्भयात् nirbhayāt	निर्भयाभ्याम् nirbhayābhyām	निर्भयेभ्यः nirbhayebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्भयस्य nirbhayasya	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयाणाम् nirbhayāṇām
Locative	निर्भये nirbhaye	निर्भययोः nirbhayayoḥ	निर्भयेषु nirbhayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “निर्भय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 541.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “निर्भय”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “निर्भय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “nirbhaya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press