ध्रुव

ध्रुव

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬥ᭄ᬭᬸᬯ (Balinese script)
• ধ্ৰুৱ (Assamese script)
• ধ্রুব (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌧𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ધ્રુવ (Gujarati script)
• ꦣꦿꦸꦮ (Javanese script)
• ಧ್ರುವ (Kannada script)
• ဓြုဝ (Burmese script)
• ଧ୍ରୁଵ (Oriya script)
• ꢤ꣄ꢬꢸꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖿𑖨𑗜𑖪 (Siddham script)
• ధ్రువ (Telugu script)
• དྷྲུཝ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒫 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) +‎ *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian درست‎ (dorost, “healthy”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱɽu.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱɽu.ʋɐ/

Adjective

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) m

1. fixed, immovable
2. firm, stable
3. certain, sure, wis

   मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम् ― mṛtasya janma dhruvam ― for the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव (dhruvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवः dhruváḥ	ध्रुवौ dhruvaú	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhruvā́ḥ / dhruvā́saḥ¹
Vocative	ध्रुव dhrúva	ध्रुवौ dhrúvau	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhrúvāḥ / dhrúvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवौ dhruvaú	ध्रुवान् dhruvā́n
Instrumental	ध्रुवेण dhruvéṇa	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवैः / ध्रुवेभिः¹ dhruvaíḥ / dhruvébhiḥ¹
Dative	ध्रुवाय dhruvā́ya	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवात् dhruvā́t	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवस्य dhruvásya	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवेषु dhruvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ध्रुवा (dhruvā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवा dhruvā́	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाः dhruvā́ḥ
Vocative	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवाः dhrúvāḥ
Accusative	ध्रुवाम् dhruvā́m	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाः dhruvā́ḥ
Instrumental	ध्रुवया / ध्रुवा¹ dhruváyā / dhruvā́¹	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभिः dhruvā́bhiḥ
Dative	ध्रुवायै dhruvā́yai	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभ्यः dhruvā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवायाः dhruvā́yāḥ	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभ्यः dhruvā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवायाः dhruvā́yāḥ	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवायाम् dhruvā́yām	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवासु dhruvā́su
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of ध्रुव (dhruvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvā́ṇi / dhruvā́¹
Vocative	ध्रुव dhrúva	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhrúvāṇi / dhrúvā¹
Accusative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvā́ṇi / dhruvā́¹
Instrumental	ध्रुवेण dhruvéṇa	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवैः / ध्रुवेभिः¹ dhruvaíḥ / dhruvébhiḥ¹
Dative	ध्रुवाय dhruvā́ya	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवात् dhruvā́t	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवस्य dhruvásya	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवेषु dhruvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Bengali: ধ্রুব (dhrubo) (tatsama)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
• Pali: dhuva
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
  • Hindi: धुव (dhuv), धू (dhū) (obsolete)

Noun

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) m

1. the celestial pole, the axis mundi
2. a knot

Derived terms

• ध्रुवक्षेम (dhruvakṣema, “firmly fixed, immovable”)
• ध्रुवगति (dhruvagati, “a firm position”)
• ध्रुववक (dhruvavaka, “the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars”)
• ध्रौव्य (dhrauvya, “fixedness, firmness”)

Descendants

• → English: Dhruva

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “ध्रुव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 521-522.