धर्म
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, to support”).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱəɾm/
- Rhymes: -əɾm
Noun
धर्म • (dharm) m (Urdu spelling دھرم)
- religion, faith
- हम किसी धर्म का तिरस्कार नहीं करना चाहते।
- ham kisī dharm kā tiraskār nahī̃ karnā cāhte.
- We do not want to disregard any religion.
- धर्म हमारे समाज की रीढ़ है।
- dharm hamāre samāj kī rīṛh hai.
- Religion is the backbone of our society.
- Synonym: मज़हब (mazhab)
- virtue, righteousness; morality
- हमारा नेता एक धर्म-स्तम्भ है।
- hamārā netā ek dharm-stambh hai.
- Our leader is a pillar of righteousness.
- duty
- तुम्हारी मृत्यु से पहले, अपना अन्तिम धर्म निभाना पड़ता।
- tumhārī mŕtyu se pahle, apnā antim dharm nibhānā paṛtā.
- Before your death, you must fulfill your duty.
- Synonyms: कर्तव्य (kartavya), फर्ज़ (pharz)
Declension
Declension of धर्म (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | धर्म dharm | धर्म dharm |
| oblique | धर्म dharm | धर्मों dharmõ |
| vocative | धर्म dharm | धर्मो dharmo |
Derived terms
- अधर्म (adharm, “unrighteousness; irreligion”)
- धर्मकार्य (dharmakārya, “religious rite or function”)
- धर्मग्रंथ (dharmagranth, “religious scripture”)
- धर्मतन्त्र (dharmatantra, “theocracy”)
- धर्ममार्ग (dharmamārg, “the path of virtue”)
- धर्मव्रती (dharmavratī, “duty-bound”)
- धार्मिक (dhārmik, “religious”)
- विधर्म (vidharm, “heresy”)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “धर्म”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “धर्म”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d̪ʱəɾ.mə/
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) m
- religion
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d̪ʱʌ̤rmʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: धर्म
Noun
धर्म • (dharma)
- religion
Newar
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dʱəɾmə]
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩)
- religion
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) m
- duty
- dharma
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬥᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
- ধৰ্ম (Assamese script)
- ধর্ম (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌧𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ધર્મ (Gujarati script)
- ਧਰੑਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦣꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
- ធម៌ or ធម្ម៌ (Khmer script)
- ಧರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
- ຘຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
- ധര്മ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᢡᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဓရ်္မ (Burmese script)
- 𑧀𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଧର୍ମ (Oriya script)
- ꢤꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ධර්ම (Sinhalese script)
- ధర్మ (Telugu script)
- ธรฺม (Thai script)
- དྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”), whence English throne. Cognate with Latin firmus (“stable, strong”) (whence also English firm).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dʱɐ́ɾ.mɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈd̪ʱɐɾ.mɐ/
Noun
धर्म • (dhárma) m
- morality, virtue, moral code, good deed, good works
- that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law
- usage, practice, customary observance or prescribed conduct, duty
- right, justice (often as a synonym of punishment)
- religion, religious merit
- Law or Justice personified
- the law or doctrine of Buddhism
- the ethical precepts of Buddhism
- the law of Northern Buddhism
- nature, character, peculiar condition or essential quality, property, mark, peculiarity
- a particular ceremony
- sacrifice
- the ninth mansion
- Upanishad
- associating with the virtuous
- religious abstraction, devotion
- bow
- Soma-drinker
- name of the 15th अर्हत् (arhat) of the present अवसर्पिणी (ava-sarpiṇī)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of धर्म (dhárma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | धर्मः dhármaḥ | धर्मौ dhármau | धर्माः / धर्मासः¹ dhármāḥ / dhármāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | धर्म dhárma | धर्मौ dhármau | धर्माः / धर्मासः¹ dhármāḥ / dhármāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | धर्मम् dhármam | धर्मौ dhármau | धर्मान् dhármān |
| Instrumental | धर्मेण dhármeṇa | धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām | धर्मैः / धर्मेभिः¹ dhármaiḥ / dhármebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | धर्माय dhármāya | धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām | धर्मेभ्यः dhármebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | धर्मात् dhármāt | धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām | धर्मेभ्यः dhármebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | धर्मस्य dhármasya | धर्मयोः dhármayoḥ | धर्माणाम् dhármāṇām |
| Locative | धर्मे dhárme | धर्मयोः dhármayoḥ | धर्मेषु dhármeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Related terms
- धर्मन् (dhárman)
- धर्मन् (dharmán)
Descendants
- → Balinese: ᬥᬃᬫ (darma, dharma)
- → Bengali: ধর্ম (dhôrmô)
- → Chinese: 達摩／达摩
- → Dhivehi: ދަރުމަ (daruma)
- → Dutch: dharma
- → English: dharma
- → Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)
- → Hindi: धर्म (dharm)
- → Indonesian: darma, derma
- → Irish: darma
- → Italian: dharma
- → Japanese: 達磨, ダルマ, ダーマ
- → Javanese: ꦝꦂꦩ (dharma)
- → Kannada: ಧರ್ಮ (dharma)
- → Khmer: ធម៌ (tʰoa)
- → Korean: 달마 (dalma)
- → Lao: ທຳ (tham)
- → Marathi: धर्म (dharma)
- → Malay: derma (درما)
- → Mongolian: дарма (darma)
- → Nepali: धर्म (dharma)
- Pali: dhamma
- → English: dhamma
- → French: dhamma
- → Burmese: ဓမ္မ (dhamma.)
- → Portuguese: darma
- Punjabi: دَھرَم (dharam) / ਧਰਮ (dharam)
- → Tamil: தருமம் (tarumam)
- → Telugu: ధర్మము (dharmamu)
- → Thai: ธรรม (tam)
- → Tibetan: ལྷ་ཆོས (lha chos)
- → Tocharian B: agradharma (with अग्र (agra))
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “धर्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0510.