दुग्ध
See also: देग्धि
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬤᬸᬕ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- দুগ্ধ (Assamese script)
- দুগ্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰲𑰐𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌦𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- દુગ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਦੁਗੑਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦢꦸꦒ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- ទុគ្ធ (Khmer script)
- ದುಗ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- ທຸຄ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ദുഗ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘟𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠤᠺᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡩᡠᡤᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဒုဂ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- 𑦿𑧔𑦰𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଦୁଗ୍ଧ (Oriya script)
- ꢣꢸꢔ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆶𑆓𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖲𑖐𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- දුග්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- దుగ్ధ (Telugu script)
- ทุคฺธ (Thai script)
- དུ་གྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒳𑒑𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tó-s[1] from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be yield”). Synchronically analyzable as the past passive participle of the root of दोग्धि (dógdhi, “to milk”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /duɡ.dʱɐ́/, [duɡ̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈd̪uɡ.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈd̪uɡ̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Adjective
दुग्ध • (dugdhá)
- milked, milked out, extracted
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.97.11:
- अध धारया मध्वा पृचानस्तिरो रोम पवते अद्रिदुग्धः ।
इन्दुरिन्द्रस्य सख्यं जुषाणो देवो देवस्य मत्सरो मदाय ॥- adha dhārayā madhvā pṛcānastiro roma pavate adridugdhaḥ .
indurindrasya sakhyaṃ juṣāṇo devo devasya matsaro madāya . - Then in a stream he (Soma) flows, milked out with press-stones, mingled with sweetness, through the fleecy filter-
Soma, rejoicing in the love of Indra, the God who gladdens, for the God's enjoyment.
- adha dhārayā madhvā pṛcānastiro roma pavate adridugdhaḥ .
- अध धारया मध्वा पृचानस्तिरो रोम पवते अद्रिदुग्धः ।
- sucked out, impoverished
- milked together, accumulated, filled, full
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of दुग्ध | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | दुग्धः (dugdhaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | दुग्धस्य (dugdhasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दुग्धः (dugdhaḥ) | दुग्धौ (dugdhau) | दुग्धाः (dugdhāḥ) |
| Vocative | दुग्ध (dugdha) | दुग्धौ (dugdhau) | दुग्धाः (dugdhāḥ) |
| Accusative | दुग्धम् (dugdham) | दुग्धौ (dugdhau) | दुग्धान् (dugdhān) |
| Instrumental | दुग्धेन (dugdhena) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धैः (dugdhaiḥ) |
| Dative | दुग्धाय (dugdhāya) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धेभ्यः (dugdhebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | दुग्धात् (dugdhāt) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धेभ्यः (dugdhebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | दुग्धस्य (dugdhasya) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धानाम् (dugdhānām) |
| Locative | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धेषु (dugdheṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of दुग्ध | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | दुग्धा (dugdhā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | दुग्धायाः (dugdhāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दुग्धा (dugdhā) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धाः (dugdhāḥ) |
| Vocative | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धाः (dugdhāḥ) |
| Accusative | दुग्धाम् (dugdhām) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धाः (dugdhāḥ) |
| Instrumental | दुग्धया (dugdhayā) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धाभिः (dugdhābhiḥ) |
| Dative | दुग्धायै (dugdhāyai) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धाभ्यः (dugdhābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | दुग्धायाः (dugdhāyāḥ) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धाभ्यः (dugdhābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | दुग्धायाः (dugdhāyāḥ) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धानाम् (dugdhānām) |
| Locative | दुग्धायाम् (dugdhāyām) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धासु (dugdhāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of दुग्ध | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | दुग्धम् (dugdham) | ||
| Gen. sg. | दुग्धस्य (dugdhasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दुग्धम् (dugdham) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धानि (dugdhāni) |
| Vocative | दुग्ध (dugdha) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धानि (dugdhāni) |
| Accusative | दुग्धम् (dugdham) | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धानि (dugdhāni) |
| Instrumental | दुग्धेन (dugdhena) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धैः (dugdhaiḥ) |
| Dative | दुग्धाय (dugdhāya) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धेभ्यः (dugdhebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | दुग्धात् (dugdhāt) | दुग्धाभ्याम् (dugdhābhyām) | दुग्धेभ्यः (dugdhebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | दुग्धस्य (dugdhasya) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धानाम् (dugdhānām) |
| Locative | दुग्धे (dugdhe) | दुग्धयोः (dugdhayoḥ) | दुग्धेषु (dugdheṣu) |
Noun
दुग्ध • (dugdhá) n
- milk
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.19.4:
- प्रियं दुग्धं न काम्यमजामि जाम्योः सचा ।
- priyaṃ dugdhaṃ na kāmyamajāmi jāmyoḥ sacā .
- I bring the beloved milk of the Sister-Pair as though it were much longed for
- प्रियं दुग्धं न काम्यमजामि जाम्योः सचा ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) II.2.10.2:
- श्वेतायै श्वेतवत्सायै दुग्धं मथितमाज्यमभवत्यज्यं प्रोक्षणमाज्येन मार्जयन्ते...
- śvetāyai śvetavatsāyai dugdhaṃ mathitamājyamabhavatyajyaṃ prokṣaṇamājyena mārjayante...
- The butter is churned from the milk of a white (cow) with a white calf; butter is used for the sprinkling, and they purify themselves with butter...
- श्वेतायै श्वेतवत्सायै दुग्धं मथितमाज्यमभवत्यज्यं प्रोक्षणमाज्येन मार्जयन्ते...
- the milky juice of plants, sap
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of दुग्ध (dugdhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दुग्धम् dugdhám | दुग्धे dugdhé | दुग्धानि / दुग्धा¹ dugdhā́ni / dugdhā́¹ |
| Vocative | दुग्ध dúgdha | दुग्धे dúgdhe | दुग्धानि / दुग्धा¹ dúgdhāni / dúgdhā¹ |
| Accusative | दुग्धम् dugdhám | दुग्धे dugdhé | दुग्धानि / दुग्धा¹ dugdhā́ni / dugdhā́¹ |
| Instrumental | दुग्धेन dugdhéna | दुग्धाभ्याम् dugdhā́bhyām | दुग्धैः / दुग्धेभिः¹ dugdhaíḥ / dugdhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | दुग्धाय dugdhā́ya | दुग्धाभ्याम् dugdhā́bhyām | दुग्धेभ्यः dugdhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | दुग्धात् dugdhā́t | दुग्धाभ्याम् dugdhā́bhyām | दुग्धेभ्यः dugdhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | दुग्धस्य dugdhásya | दुग्धयोः dugdháyoḥ | दुग्धानाम् dugdhā́nām |
| Locative | दुग्धे dugdhé | दुग्धयोः dugdháyoḥ | दुग्धेषु dugdhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- गोदुग्ध (godugdha)
Descendants
- Kashmiri: دۄد (dọd)
- Pali: duddha
- Prakrit: 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha) (see there for further descendants)
- → Bengali: দুগ্ধ (dugdh)
- → Kannada: ದುಗ್ಧ (dugdha)
- → Tamil: துத்தம் (tuttam)
References
- Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60), Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 3.8.3. verbal adjectives, page 139
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “दुग्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0483.