दुःख

दुःख

See also: दूःख, देखो, दाख, देख, देखि, दुखी, and दुःखी

Hindi

Alternative forms

• दुख (dukh)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊkʰ/, /d̪ʊkkʰ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ‎)

1. sorrow, grief, sadness

   अपना दुःख मित्र के साथ बाँटना चाहिए।

   apnā duḥkh mitra ke sāth bā̃ṭnā cāhie.

   You should share your sorrows with friends.

   Synonyms: ग़म (ġam), उदासी (udāsī)

2. suffering, distress

   उसने जीवन में बहुत दुःख उठाया।

   usne jīvan mẽ bahut duḥkh uṭhāyā.

   He has endured much suffering in his life.

   Synonym: कष्ट (kaṣṭ)

   Antonym: सुख (sukh)

Declension

Declension of दुःख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दुःख duḥkh	दुःख duḥkh
oblique	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखों duḥkhõ
vocative	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखो duḥkho

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “दुःख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

---

Nepali

Alternative forms

• दुख (dukha)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d̪uk̚kʰʌ], [d̪uk̞ʰʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: दुक्ख, or दुखअ

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkha)

1. sorrow, grief, sadness
2. suffering, distress

   Synonyms: वेदना (vedanā), कष्ट (kaṣṭa), क्लेश (kleś)

   Antonym: सुख (sukha)

3. trouble, hardship

   Synonym: तकलीफ (taklīph)

4. shortage, need

References

• “दुःख”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “दुःख”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

---

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• दुᳵख (duxkha)

Etymology

Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-, “bad”) +‎ स्था (sthā, “to stand”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /duh.kʰɐ́/, [dux.kʰɐ́]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkhá) n

1. sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दुःख (duḥkhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Vocative	दुःख dúḥkha	दुःखे dúḥkhe	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ dúḥkhāni / dúḥkhā¹
Accusative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Instrumental	दुःखेन duḥkhéna	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखैः / दुःखेभिः¹ duḥkhaíḥ / duḥkhébhiḥ¹
Dative	दुःखाय duḥkhā́ya	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Ablative	दुःखात् duḥkhā́t	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Genitive	दुःखस्य duḥkhásya	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखानाम् duḥkhā́nām
Locative	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखेषु duḥkhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: দুখ (dukh)
• Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)
• Romani: dukh
• → Bengali: দুঃখ (duḥkhô)
• → Bikol Central: dukha
• → Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)
• → Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)
• → Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)
• → Pali: dukkha
  • → Malay: duka
  • → Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)
  • → English: dukkha
  • → Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)
  • → Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)
  • → Tagalog: dukhâ
• → Tagalog: dukha
• ⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)
• ⇒ Urdu: دکھ‎ (dukh)
• → Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)

Adjective

दुःख • (duḥkhá)

1. painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult