जम्बु
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- jambu (Latin script)
- 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀩𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- জম্বু (Bengali script)
- ජම්බු (Sinhalese script)
- ဇမ္ဗု or ၹမ္ၿု or ၹမ်ၿု (Burmese script)
- ชมฺพุ or ชัมพุ (Thai script)
- ᨩᨾᩛᩩ (Tai Tham script)
- ຊມ຺ພຸ or ຊັມພຸ (Lao script)
- ជម្ពុ (Khmer script)
Noun
जम्बु f
- Devanagari script form of jambu
Declension
Declension table of "जम्बु" (feminine)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जम्बु (jambu) | जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū) |
| Accusative (second) | जम्बुं (jambuṃ) | जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū) |
| Instrumental (third) | जम्बुया (jambuyā) | जम्बूहि (jambūhi) or जम्बूभि (jambūbhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जम्बुया (jambuyā) | जम्बूनं (jambūnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जम्बुया (jambuyā) | जम्बूहि (jambūhi) or जम्बूभि (jambūbhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जम्बुया (jambuyā) | जम्बूनं (jambūnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जम्बुया (jambuyā) or जम्बुयं (jambuyaṃ) | जम्बूसु (jambūsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जम्बु (jambu) | जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- जम्बू (jambū)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬚᬫ᭄ᬩᬸ (Balinese script)
- জম্বু (Assamese script)
- জম্বু (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰦𑰿𑰤𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀩𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌜𑌮𑍍𑌬𑍁 (Grantha script)
- જમ્બુ (Gujarati script)
- ਜਮੑਬੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦗꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (Javanese script)
- ជម្ពុ (Khmer script)
- ಜಮ್ಬು (Kannada script)
- ຊມ຺ພຸ (Lao script)
- ജമ്ബു (Malayalam script)
- 𑘕𑘦𑘿𑘤𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᠮᠪᠤ (Mongolian script)
- ᡯᠠᠮᠪᡠ (Manchu script)
- ဇမ္ဗု (Burmese script)
- 𑦵𑧆𑧠𑧄𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଜମ୍ବୁ (Oriya script)
- ꢙꢪ꣄ꢨꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆩𑇀𑆧𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖦𑖿𑖤𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ජම්බු (Sinhalese script)
- జమ్బు (Telugu script)
- ชมฺพุ (Thai script)
- ཛ་མྦུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒧𑓂𑒥𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Related to Sanskrit जम्बुल (jambula), जम्बूल (jambūla), जम्बाल (jambāla), *जम्बून (jambūna), *जम्बुरुल्ल (jamburulla, “Syzygium cumini; Pandanus odorifer”).[1][2][3] Of uncertain origin.[4][5] Perhaps together with Sanskrit जम्बीर (jambīra, “citron tree”) borrowed from a non-Aryan source.[6] Might be related to Middle Armenian դամոն (damon, “damson plum”), Armenian դամբուլ (dambul, “a variety of plum”) and other words found in Native Caucasian languages listed there. S. L. Nikolayev and S. A. Starostin propose a Caucasian origin.[7]
Noun
जम्बु • (jambu) f
- the jambul tree (Syzygium cumini, syn. Eugenia jambolana, or certain other species of Syzygium) (Kauś. 8, MBh. &c.)
- Synonym: जम्बुल (jambula)
- the shrub नागदमनी (nāga-damanī) (L.)
Usage notes
- Many dictionaries of Sanskrit identify this term as originally referring to the rose apple (Syzygium jambos). However, as pointed out by Wujastyk, this identification is clearly erroneous; Indian botanical descriptions of the jambu correspond to Syzygium cumini, not Syzygium jambos. Furthermore, Syzygium jambosis not known in India before the early modern period, while attestations of jambu date back to before the Common Era.[8] This confusion may have originated since reflexes of the term can refer to Syzygium jambos in many Southeast Asian languages.
- Meister claims that jambu may have originally referred to the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) based on what he identifies as sculptural depictions of the jambu.[9] However, most modern Indo-Aryan languages refer to the jackfruit using descendants of Sanskrit पनस (panasa).
Derived terms
- जम्बुद्वीप (jambudvīpa)
- *जम्बुकाष्ठ (jambukāṣṭha)
- *जम्बुरुक्ष (jamburukṣa)
Noun
जम्बु • (jambu) n
- the jambul fruit (Pāṇ.)
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀽 (jaṃbū)
- Assamese: জামু (zamu), জাম (zam)
- Helu:
- Dhivehi: ދަނބު (daᵐbu)
- Gujarati: જાંબુ (jā̃bu)
- Hindi: जामु (jāmu)
- Marathi: जांब (jāmba)
- Nepali: जामु (jāmu)
- Pali: jambu
- → Chinese: 閻浮 (yánfú)
- → Dhivehi: ޖަންބު (jan̊bu)
- → Old Javanese: jambu
- Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (jambu)
- → Malay: jambu
- → Old Khmer: jamvū
- Khmer: ជម្ពូ (cumpuu)
- → Portuguese: jambo
- → Sinhalese: ජම්බු (jambu)
- → Spanish: yambo
- → Thai: ชมพู่ (chom-pûu), ชมพู (chom-puu)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931), “जामुनु”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 215a
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jambula”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 283
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jambāla1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 283
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 418–419
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 571
- Kuiper, F. B. J. (1948) Proto-Munda Words In Sanskrit, Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, page 27
- https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fcauc%2fcaucet&text_number=1276&root=config
- Dominik Wujastyk (2004), “Jambudvīpa: apples or plums?”, in Jan P. Hogendijk, Kim Plofker, Michio Yano, and Charles Burnett, editors, Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of David Pingree (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 54), Leiden: Brill, DOI:, →ISBN, pages 287-301
- Michael W. Meister (2009), “Exploring Kafirkot: When is a Rose Apple not a Rose?”, in Ihsan Ali, Ibrahim Shah, Dr. Ruth Young, editors, Pakistan Heritage, volume 1, Hazara University Department of Archaeology, ISSN 2073-641X, pages 109-128
Further reading
- “जम्बु” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 181, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “जम्बु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 099
- Monier Williams (1899), “Jambū”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 412, column 3.