चन्दन

Hindi

Noun

चन्दन • (candan) m (Urdu spelling چندن‎)

Alternative spelling of चंदन (candan)

Declension

Declension of चन्दन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	चन्दन candan	चन्दन candan
oblique	चन्दन candan	चन्दनों candanõ
vocative	चन्दन candan	चन्दनो candano

Sanskrit

Etymology

Usually derived from चन्दति (candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “Santalum tree”), சாந்தம் (cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam ചാന്തു (cāntu, “sandal paste”).

Noun

चन्दन • (candana) m

sandalwood

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चन्दन
Nom. sg.	चन्दनः (candanaḥ)
Gen. sg.	चन्दनस्य (candanasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चन्दनः (candanaḥ)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)
Vocative	चन्दन (candana)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)
Accusative	चन्दनम् (candanam)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनान् (candanān)
Instrumental	चन्दनेन (candanena)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनैः (candanaiḥ)
Dative	चन्दनाय (candanāya)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
Ablative	चन्दनात् (candanāt)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
Genitive	चन्दनस्य (candanasya)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनानाम् (candanānām)
Locative	चन्दने (candane)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनेषु (candaneṣu)

Descendants

Assamese: চন্দন (sondon)
Bengali: চন্দন (côndôn)
Gandhari: 𐨕𐨣𐨞‎ (canaṇa), 𐨕𐨎𐨡𐨣𐨎‎ (caṃdanaṃ)
Gujarati: ચંદન (candan)
Hindi: चन्दन (candan)
Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ (candan)
→ Old Armenian: ճանդան (čandan) (via an Iranian language)
- → Armenian: ճանդան (čandan)
→ Middle Chinese: 栴檀 (/t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn/)
- Cantonese: 栴檀 (zin1 taan4)
- Mandarin: 栴檀 (zhāntán)
- → Japanese: 栴檀 (sendan)
- → Korean: 전단(栴檀) (jeondan)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν (tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)
→ Kannada: ಚಂದನ (candana)
→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan)
→ Malay: cendana
- Indonesian: cendana
→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (cndl /čandal/)
- Persian: چندل‎ (čandal), چندن‎ (čandan), چندان‎ (čandân)
  - → Middle Armenian: ճանդալ (čandal), չանդան (čʿandan)
- → Arabic: صَنْدَل‎ (ṣandal)
  - → Byzantine Greek: σάνδανον (sándanon), σάνταλον (sántalon)
    - Greek: σάνταλο (sántalo)
    - → Medieval Latin: sandalum, santalum
      - → English: sandal
      - → French: santal, sandal
        → English: santal
        → Czech: santál, santal, sandál
      - → Italian: sandalo
        → German: Sandel
      - → New Latin: Santalum
      - → Portuguese: sândalo
      - → Spanish: sándalo
    - → Old East Slavic: сандалъ (sandalŭ)
      - Russian: санда́л (sandál), санта́л (santál)
  - → Middle Armenian: սանտալ (santal), սանդալ (sandal)
  - → Persian: صندل‎ (sandal)
    - → Hindustani:
      Hindi: संदल (sandal)
      Urdu: صندل‎ (sandal)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: صندل‎ (sendel), سندل‎ (sendel)
      - Turkish: sandal
  - → Swahili: sandali
- → Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܠ‎ (ṣandal)
→ Mongolian: зандан (zandan), ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ (zandan)
→ Pashto: چندنړ‎ (čandaṛṇ)
→ Sogdian: 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻‎ (cntn /*čandan/)
→ Tamil: சந்தன (cantaṉa)
→ Telugu: చందనము (candanamu)
→ Thai: จันทน์ (jan)
→ Classical Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
- Dzongkha: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
- Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
→ Tocharian B: cantāṃ

References

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 373
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “ճանդան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 183b
Martirosyan, Hrach (2014), “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 18, issue 1, pages 51–63
Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1825, page 145a