चतुर्थ
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ/
Adjective
चतुर्थ • (caturth) (indeclinable)
- (literary) fourth
- Synonym: चौथा (cauthā)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬘᬢᬸᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
- চতুৰ্থ (Assamese script)
- চতুর্থ (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ચતુર્થ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਤੁਰੑਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦕꦠꦸꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
- ចតុថ៌ (Khmer script)
- ಚತುರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
- ຈຕຸຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
- ചതുര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- စတုရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
- 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
- ଚତୁର୍ଥ (Oriya script)
- ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
- චතුර්ථ (Sinhalese script)
- చతుర్థ (Telugu script)
- จตุรฺถ (Thai script)
- ཙ་ཏུ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s (“fourth”) from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέτᾰρτος (tétartos), Proto-Germanic *fedurþô (whence English fourth), Latin quārtus, Old East Slavic четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐ.tuɾ.tʰɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐˈt̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ/
Adjective
चतुर्थ • (caturthá)
- fourth
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.13:
- तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥
- tadyasyaivaṃ vidvān vrātyaścaturthīṃ rātrimatithirgṛhe vasati . ye puṇyānāṃ puṇyā lokāstān eva tenāva rundhe .
- He in whose house the wise Vrātya abides on the fourth night secures for himself thereby the holy realms of the Holy.
- तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of चतुर्थ (caturthá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुर्थः caturtháḥ | चतुर्थौ caturthaú | चतुर्थाः / चतुर्थासः¹ caturthā́ḥ / caturthā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | चतुर्थ cáturtha | चतुर्थौ cáturthau | चतुर्थाः / चतुर्थासः¹ cáturthāḥ / cáturthāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | चतुर्थम् caturthám | चतुर्थौ caturthaú | चतुर्थान् caturthā́n |
| Instrumental | चतुर्थेन caturthéna | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थैः / चतुर्थेभिः¹ caturthaíḥ / caturthébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | चतुर्थाय caturthā́ya | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | चतुर्थात् caturthā́t | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | चतुर्थस्य caturthásya | चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ | चतुर्थानाम् caturthā́nām |
| Locative | चतुर्थे caturthé | चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ | चतुर्थेषु caturthéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ī-stem declension of चतुर्थी (caturthī́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुर्थी caturthī́ | चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ caturthyaù / caturthī́¹ | चतुर्थ्यः / चतुर्थीः¹ caturthyàḥ / caturthī́ḥ¹ |
| Vocative | चतुर्थि cáturthi | चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ cáturthyau / caturthī́¹ | चतुर्थ्यः / चतुर्थीः¹ cáturthyaḥ / cáturthīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | चतुर्थीम् caturthī́m | चतुर्थ्यौ / चतुर्थी¹ caturthyaù / caturthī́¹ | चतुर्थीः caturthī́ḥ |
| Instrumental | चतुर्थ्या caturthyā̀ | चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām | चतुर्थीभिः caturthī́bhiḥ |
| Dative | चतुर्थ्यै caturthyaì | चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām | चतुर्थीभ्यः caturthī́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | चतुर्थ्याः caturthyā̀ḥ | चतुर्थीभ्याम् caturthī́bhyām | चतुर्थीभ्यः caturthī́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | चतुर्थ्याः caturthyā̀ḥ | चतुर्थ्योः caturthyòḥ | चतुर्थीनाम् caturthī́nām |
| Locative | चतुर्थ्याम् caturthyā̀m | चतुर्थ्योः caturthyòḥ | चतुर्थीषु caturthī́ṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of चतुर्थ (caturthá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुर्थम् caturthám | चतुर्थे caturthé | चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ caturthā́ni / caturthā́¹ |
| Vocative | चतुर्थ cáturtha | चतुर्थे cáturthe | चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ cáturthāni / cáturthā¹ |
| Accusative | चतुर्थम् caturthám | चतुर्थे caturthé | चतुर्थानि / चतुर्था¹ caturthā́ni / caturthā́¹ |
| Instrumental | चतुर्थेन caturthéna | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थैः / चतुर्थेभिः¹ caturthaíḥ / caturthébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | चतुर्थाय caturthā́ya | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | चतुर्थात् caturthā́t | चतुर्थाभ्याम् caturthā́bhyām | चतुर्थेभ्यः caturthébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | चतुर्थस्य caturthásya | चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ | चतुर्थानाम् caturthā́nām |
| Locative | चतुर्थे caturthé | चतुर्थयोः caturtháyoḥ | चतुर्थेषु caturthéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (*caturtha)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨟𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨠 (caturtha)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (*catuttha)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (cottha), 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha) (see there for further descendants)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Old Punjabi: ਚਉਥਾ (cauthā)
- Punjabi: cauthā
- Gurmukhi: ਚੌਥਾ
- Shahmukhi: چَوتھا
- Punjabi: cauthā
- Old Punjabi: ਚਉਥਾ (cauthā)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha) (see there for further descendants)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*catuṭṭha)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caüṭṭha)
- Gandhari: 𐨕𐨡𐨂𐨳 (caduṭ́ha)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caduṭṭha)
- Pali: catuttha
- → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
- → Assamese: চতুৰ্থ (soturtho)
- → Hindi: चतुर्थ (caturth)
- → Kannada: ಚತುರ್ಥ (caturtha)
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “चतुर्थ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899), “चतुर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 385.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “caturthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249