चतुरङ्ग
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬘᬢᬸᬭᬗ᭄ᬕ (Balinese script)
- চতুৰঙ্গ (Assamese script)
- চতুরঙ্গ (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰒𑰿𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀗𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑌙𑍍𑌗 (Grantha script)
- ચતુરઙ્ગ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਤੁਰਙੑਗ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦕꦠꦸꦫꦔ꧀ꦒ (Javanese script)
- ចតុរង្គ (Khmer script)
- ಚತುರಙ್ಗ (Kannada script)
- ຈຕຸຣງ຺ຄ (Lao script)
- ചതുരങ്ഗ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘒𑘿𑘐 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠠᢊᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
- ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᠠᢛᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
- စတုရင်္ဂ (Burmese script)
- 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑦲𑧠𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑐒𑑂𑐐 (Newa script)
- ଚତୁରଙ୍ଗ (Oriya script)
- ꢗꢡꢸꢬꢖ꣄ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑆕𑇀𑆓 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖒𑖿𑖐 (Siddham script)
- චතුරඞ්ග (Sinhalese script)
- చతురఙ్గ (Telugu script)
- จตุรงฺค (Thai script)
- ཙ་ཏུ་ར་ངྒ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑒓𑓂𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) and अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, member”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐ.tu.ɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uˈɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/
Adjective
चतुरङ्ग • (cátur-aṅga)
- having 4 limbs (or extremities) (RV. X, 92, 11, ŚBr. XII)
- RV 10.92.11
- ते हि दयावाप्र्थिवी भूरिरेतसा नराशंसश्चतुरङगोयमो.अदितिः |
- देवस्त्वष्टा दरविणोदा रभुक्षणः पररोदसी मरुतो विष्णुरर्हिरे ||
- te hi dyāvāpṛthivī bhūriretasā narāśaṃsaścaturaṅghoyamo.aditiḥ |
- devastvaṣṭā draviṇodā ṛbhukṣaṇaḥ prarodasī maruto viṣṇurarhire ||
- For these, the Earth and Heaven with their abundant seed, four-bodied Narāśaṁsa, Yama, Aditi,
- God Tvaṣṭar Wealth-bestower, the Ṛbhukṣaṇas, Rodasī, Maruts, Viṣṇu, claim and merit praise.
- RV 10.92.11
- (with बल (bala, “an army”)) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (MBh. III, 790, R. II, 51, 7)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगाम् (caturaṅagām) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगया (caturaṅagayā) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभिः (caturaṅagābhiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगायै (caturaṅagāyai) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगायाम् (caturaṅagāyām) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगासु (caturaṅagāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
Noun
चतुरङ्ग • (cátur-aṅga) m
- Cucumis utilissimus (?) (L.)
- name of a son of रोमपाद (roma-pāda) or लोमपाद (loma-pāda) (Hariv. 1697 f., BhP. IX, 23, 10)
- (scil. बल (bala)) = चतुरङ्गबल (cátur-aṅga-bala) (AV., Pariś. ??, MBh. IX, 446)
- (chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
Descendants
- → Malay: catur
- Indonesian: catur
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (ctlng /čatrang/)
- Persian: شترنگ (šatrang)
- → Arabic: شطرنج (šaṭranj)
- Andalusian Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
- → Aragonese: axedrez
- → Asturian: axedrez
- → Mirandese: xadreç
- → Old Portuguese: axadrez, enxadrez
- Galician: xadrez
- Portuguese: xadrez
- → Old Spanish: axedrez
- Spanish: ajedrez
- → Bikol Central: ahedres
- → Cebuano: ahedres
- → Hiligaynon: ahedres
- → Ilocano: ahedres
- → Tagalog: ahedres
- Spanish: ajedrez
- → Amharic: ሰንጠረዥ (sänṭäräž)
- → Middle Armenian: սատրինճ (satrinč), սաթրինճ (satʿrinč), սատրիճ (satrič)
- Armenian: սատրինջ (satrinǰ)
- → Persian: شطرنج (šatranj)
- → Azerbaijani: satranc
- → Gujarati: શેતરંજ (śetrañj)
- → Hindi: शतरंज (śatrañj)
- → Oriya: ସତରଞ୍ଜ (sôtôrôñjô)
- → Ottoman Turkish: شطرنج (şatranc)
- Turkish: satranç
- → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ (śatrañj)
- Tajik: шатранҷ (šatranj)
- → Swahili: sataranji
- Andalusian Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
- → Mongolian: шатар (šatar)
- → Arabic: شطرنج (šaṭranj)
- → Georgian: ჭადრაკი (č̣adraḳi)
- → Koine Greek: ζατρίκιον (zatríkion)
- → Greek: ζατρίκιο (zatríkio)
- → Middle Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak), ճարտրակ (čartrak), ճատրկուց (čatrkucʿ), ճատրկոց (čatrkocʿ)
- → Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak) (learned)
- Persian: شترنگ (šatrang)
- Pali: caturaṅga
- → Burmese: စစ်တုရင် (cactu.rang)
- → Khmer: ចត្រង្គ (caʼtrɑng)
- → Tamil: சதுரங்கம் (caturaṅkam)
- → Telugu: చతురంగము (caturaṅgamu)
References
- Jacobi, Hermann (1896), “Ueber zwei ältere Erwähnungen des Schachspiels in der Sanskrit-Litteratur”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 50, pages 227–233
- Monier Williams (1899), “चतुरङ्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0384.