गृध्र
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬕᬺᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- গৃধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- গৃধ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰴𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌗𑍃𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ગૃધ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ꦒꦽꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
- ಗೃಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ဂၖဓြ (Burmese script)
- 𑐐𑐺𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଗୃଧ୍ର (Oriya script)
- ꢔꢺꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆸𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖴𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- గృధ్ర (Telugu script)
- གྲྀདྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒵𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡŕ̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa, “greedy”), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”).
Adjective
गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra)
- desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | गृध्रः gṛ́dhraḥ | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | गृध्र gṛ́dhra | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्रान् gṛ́dhrān |
Instrumental | गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām |
Locative | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of गृध्रा (gṛ́dhrā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | गृध्रा gṛ́dhrā | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ |
Vocative | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ |
Accusative | गृध्राम् gṛ́dhrām | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ |
Instrumental | गृध्रया / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrayā / gṛ́dhrā¹ | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्राभिः gṛ́dhrābhiḥ |
Dative | गृध्रायै gṛ́dhrāyai | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्राभ्यः gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ |
Ablative | गृध्रायाः gṛ́dhrāyāḥ | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्राभ्यः gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ |
Genitive | गृध्रायाः gṛ́dhrāyāḥ | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām |
Locative | गृध्रायाम् gṛ́dhrāyām | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्रासु gṛ́dhrāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹ |
Vocative | गृध्र gṛ́dhra | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹ |
Accusative | गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹ |
Instrumental | गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām |
Locative | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Pali: giddha
Etymology 2
Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".
Noun
गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) m
- a vulture
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:
- उलूकयातुं शुशुलूकयातुं जहि श्वयातुमुत कोकयातुम्।
सुपर्णयातुमुत गृध्रयातुं दृषदेव प्र मृण रक्ष इन्द्र॥- ulūkayātuṃ śuśulūkayātuṃ jahi śvayātumuta kokayātum.
suparṇayātumuta gṛdhrayātuṃ dṛṣadeva pra mṛṇa rakṣa indra. - Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.
- ulūkayātuṃ śuśulūkayātuṃ jahi śvayātumuta kokayātum.
- उलूकयातुं शुशुलूकयातुं जहि श्वयातुमुत कोकयातुम्।
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
- c. 400 BCE, Taittirīya Saṃhitā
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | गृध्रः gṛ́dhraḥ | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | गृध्र gṛ́dhra | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram | गृध्रौ gṛ́dhrau | गृध्रान् gṛ́dhrān |
Instrumental | गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt | गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām | गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām |
Locative | गृध्रे gṛ́dhre | गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ | गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Dardic: [Term?]
- Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
- Oriya: ଗୀଧ (gīdhô)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
- Konkani: gīd
- Devanagari: गीद
- Kannada: ಗೀದ್
- Latin: gid
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
- Modi: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
- Marathi: गिधाड (gidhāḍ)
- Konkani: gīd
- Pali: gaddha
- → Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)[1]
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa: [Term?]
- Old Gujarati: [Term?]
- Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
- Old Gujarati: [Term?]
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa: [Term?]
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: गिद्ध (giddh)
- Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
- Hindustani:
- Gurjar Apabhramsa: [Term?]
- → Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) , “गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0361.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) , “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474
- Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 474.