कर्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬓᬃᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
কৰ্মন্ (Assamese script)
কর্মন্ (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
કર્મન્ (Gujarati script)
ꦏꦂꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
ಕರ್ಮನ್ (Kannada script)
ကရ္မန္ (Burmese script)
କର୍ମନ୍ (Oriya script)
ꢒꢬ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
కర్మన్ (Telugu script)
ཀརྨན྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)Agent noun, according to Uṇ. iv, 144 synchronically formed from the verbal root कृ (kṛ, “to do, make, perform etc.”) +‎ -मन् (-man).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́ɽ.mɐn̪/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐɽ.mɐn̪/

Noun

कर्मन् • (kárman) n

act, action, performance, business (RV., AV., ŚBr., MBh. etc.)
- RV 1.31.8c
  तवं नो अग्ने सनये धनानां यशसं कारुं कर्णुहि सतवानः |
  रध्याम कर्मापसा नवेन देवैर्द्यावाप्र्थिवी परावतं नः ||
  tvaṃ no aghne sanaye dhanānāṃ yaśasaṃ kāruṃ kṛṇuhi stavānaḥ |
  ṛdhyāma karmāpasā navena devairdyāvāpṛthivī prāvataṃ naḥ ||
  O Agni, highly lauded, make our singer famous that he may win us store of riches:
  May we improve the rite with new performance. O Earth and Heaven, with all the Gods, protect us.
- RV 1.62.6a
  तदु परयक्षतममस्य कर्म दस्मस्य चारुतममस्ति दंसः |
  उपह्वरे यदुपरा अपिन्वन मध्वर्णसो नद्यश्चतस्रः ||
  tadu prayakṣatamamasya karma dasmasya cārutamamasti daṃsaḥ |
  upahvare yaduparā apinvan madhvarṇaso nadyaścatasraḥ ||
  This is the deed most worthy of all honour, the fairest marvel of the Wonder-Worker,
  That, nigh where heaven bends down, he made four rivers flow full with waves that carry down sweet water.
office, special duty, occupation, obligation; frequently at the end of a compound, the first member of the compound being either the person who performs the action
वणिक्कर्मन् (vaṇik-karman) — the business or occupation of a merchant, trade
or the person or thing for or towards whom the action is performed
राजकर्मन् (rāja-karman) — the business or duty of a king
पशुकर्मन् (paśu-karman) — the act of offering the victim, sacrifice
or a specification of the action (ŚBr., Mn., Bhartṛ. etc.)
शौर्यकर्मन् (śaurya-karman) — an heroic deed
प्रीतिकर्मन् (prīti-karman) — an act of friendship or love, kind action
any religious act or rite (as sacrifice, oblation etc., especially as originating in the hope of future recompense and as opposed to speculative religion or knowledge of spirit) (RV., AV., VS., Ragh. etc.)
- RV 6.37.2a
  प्रो द्रोणे हरयः कर्माग्मन् पुनानास ऋज्यन्तो अभूवन् |
  इन्द्रो नो अस्य पूर्व्यः पपीयाद् द्युक्षो मदस्य सोम्यस्य राजा ||
  pro droṇe harayaḥ karmāgman punānāsa ṛjyanto abhūvan |
  indro no asya pūrvyaḥ papīyād dyukṣo madasya somyasya rājā ||
  Forth to the vat the brown drops flow for service, and purified proceed directly forward.
  May Indra drink of this, our guest aforetime, Celestial King of the strong draught of Soma.
work, labour, activity (as opposed to rest, प्रशान्ति (praśānti)) (Hit., RPrāt. etc.)
physicking, medical attendance (Car.)
action consisting in motion, as the third among the seven categories of the Nyaya philosophy; of these motions there are five, namely उत्क्षेपण (ut-kṣepaṇa), अवक्षेपण (ava-kṣepaṇa), आकुञ्चन (ā-kuñcana), प्रसारण (prasāraṇa), and गमन (gamana) (Bhāshāp., Tarkas.)
calculation (Sūryas.)
product, result, effect (Mn. xii, 98 Suśr.)
organ of sense or action (ŚBr. xiv)
कर्मेन्द्रिय (karme-ndriya) — an organ of sense
(grammar) the object that it stands either in the accusative (in active construction), or in the nominative (in passive construction), or in the genitive (in connection with a noun of action); opposed to कर्तृ (kartṛ́), the subject. (Pāṇ. 1-4, 49 ff.) It is of four kinds, namely a. निर्वर्त्य (nir-vartya), when anything new is produced:
कटं करोति (kaṭaṃ karoti) — he makes a mat
पुत्रं प्रसूते (putraṃ prasūte) — she bears a son; विकार्य (vi-kārya), when change is implied either of the substance and form:
काष्ठं भस्म करोति (kāṣṭhaṃ bhasma karoti) — he reduces fuel to ashes; or of the form only e.g.
सुवर्णं कुण्डलं करोति (suvarṇaṃ kuṇḍalaṃ karoti) — he fashions gold into an ear-ring; प्राप्य (prā-pya), when any desired object is attained:
ग्रामं गच्च्हति (grāmaṃ gacchati) — he goes to the village
चन्द्रं पश्यति (candraṃ paśyati) — he sees the moon; अनीप्सित (an-īpsita), when an undesired object is abandoned:
पापं त्यजति (pāpaṃ tyajati) — he leaves the wicked
former act as leading to inevitable results, fate (as the certain consequence of acts in a previous life); karma (Pañcat., Hit., Buddh.)
कर्मपाक (karma-pāka) — "ripening of acts", matured result of previous acts or actions done in a former birth
कर्मविपाक (karma-vipāka) — "the ripening of actions" i.e. the good or evil consequences in this life of human acts performed in previous births
the tenth lunar mansion (VarBṛS. etc.)

Declension

Neuter an-stem declension of कर्मन् (kárman)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्म kárma	कर्मणी kármaṇī	कर्माणि kármāṇi
Vocative	कर्मन् / कर्म kárman / kárma	कर्मणी kármaṇī	कर्माणि kármāṇi
Accusative	कर्म kárma	कर्मणी kármaṇī	कर्माणि kármāṇi
Instrumental	कर्मणा kármaṇā	कर्मभ्याम् kármabhyām	कर्मभिः kármabhiḥ
Dative	कर्मणे kármaṇe	कर्मभ्याम् kármabhyām	कर्मभ्यः kármabhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्मणः kármaṇaḥ	कर्मभ्याम् kármabhyām	कर्मभ्यः kármabhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्मणः kármaṇaḥ	कर्मणोः kármaṇoḥ	कर्मणाम् kármaṇām
Locative	कर्मणि kármaṇi	कर्मणोः kármaṇoḥ	कर्मसु kármasu

Descendants

Dardic: [Term?]
- Kalasha: krom
Magadhi Prakrit: [Term?]
- Assamese: কাম (kam)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma)
- Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (kāma)
  - Marathi: काम (kām)
Pali: kamma
- → Burmese: ကံ (kam)
- → Khmer: កម្ម (kam)
- → Lao: ກຳ (kam)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma)
- Gujarati: કામ (kām)
- Kachchi: કમ (kam)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: काम (kām)
  Urdu: کام‎ (kām)
- Nepali: काम (kāma)
- Sindhi: ڪَمُ‎ / कमु (kamu)
- Punjabi: ਕੰਮ (kamm), ਕੱਮ (kam)
→ Bengali: কর্ম (kôrm)
→ Middle Chinese: 羯磨 (MC kɨɐt̚ muɑ|muɑ^H)
- → Japanese: 羯磨 (katsuma)
→ Dutch: karma (perhaps via English)
→ English: karma
→ Esperanto: karmo
→ Finnish: karma
→ Georgian: კარმა (ḳarma)
→ German: Karma
→ Gujarati: કર્મ (karma)
→ Hindi: कर्म (karma)
→ Icelandic: karma
→ Italian: karma
→ Japanese: カルマ (karuma)
→ Kannada: ಕರ್ಮ (karma)
→ Old Khmer: karmma
- → Thai: กรรม (gam)
→ Malayalam: കർമ്മം (karmmaṃ)
→ Marathi: कर्म (karma)
→ Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘦 (karma)
→ Oriya: କର୍ମ (kôrmô)
→ Polish: karma
→ Portuguese: carma
→ Punjabi: ਕਰਮ (karm)
→ Russian: ка́рма (kárma)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏рма / kȁrma
→ Spanish: karma
→ Tamil: கருமம் (karumam), கர்மா (karmā)
→ Telugu: కర్మ (karma), కర్మము (karmamu)
→ Turkish: karma

References

Monier Williams (1899), “कर्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0258, column 2.