कडूउं

कडूउं

See also: कूडउं

Middle Gujarati

Alternative forms

• कडुय, कडुवय

Etymology

Inherited from Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ), from Prakrit कडुअ (kaḍua) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka). Cognate with Middle Bengali কডু (kaḍu).

Adjective

कडूउं (transliteration needed)

1. bitter
   • 1558, जयवंतसूरि, श्रुंगारमंजरी २९३:

     मुहि कडऊं बोलइ नहीं, खल बोलणां सहंति,
     गुण लइ दोस न उच्चरइ, सज्जन किमहि न रुसंति.

Descendants

• Gujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)

Further reading

• जयंत कोठारी [Jayant Kothari] (1995), “कडूउं”, in मध्यकालीन गुजराती शब्दकोश [Mediaeval Gujarati Dictionary], लालभाई दलपतभाईनो वंडो, पानकोरनाका, अहमदावाद ३८० ००१ [Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Road, Pankornaka, Ahmedabad 380 001]: कलिकालसर्वज्ञ श्री हेमचन्द्राचार्य नवम जन्मशताब्दी स्मृति संस्कार शिक्षण निधि [Kalikāla-Sarvajña Śrī Hemacandrācārya Navama Janma-Śatābdī Smṛti Saṃskāra Śikṣaṇa Nidhi], page ८६, column 1.
• Kanubhai V. Sheth, editor (1978) Jayavantasūri's Sṛṅgāramañjarī [Śīlavatīcaritra Rāsa], page २२२ [222]
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kaṭú”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132

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Old Gujarati

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka) (कटु (kaṭú) with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)). Cognate with Old Marathi 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu), Old Hindi करवा (karavā), Old Punjabi ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā).

Adjective

कडूउं • (kaḍūuṃ)

1. bitter
   • c. 1450, Nalarāyadavadantīcarita 120:

     चंदन कडूउ चंद्रि कलंक, रयणार खारउ जलि पंक
     गुणमय नल-नइं जूयरहाडि, रतन दोष दिइ विहि कुण पाडि

     caṃdana kaḍūu caṃdri kalaṃka, rayaṇāra khāraü jali paṃka
     guṇamaya nala-naïṃ jūyarahāḍi, ratana doṣa dii vihi kuṇa pāḍi

     Sandal is bitter, the moon has a spot, the ocean (which contains jewels) is brackish, in water there is mud
     Even the virtuous Nala had the bad habit of dicing. Who can defeat Fate who puts a flaw in a jewel?

Descendants

• Gojri: کوڑو‎ (koṛo)
• Middle Gujarati: कडूउं, कडुय, कडुवय
  • Gujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)
• Marwari:

  Devanagari: कड़वौ (kaṛvau)

  Mahajani: 𑅕𑅲𑅯𑅒 (kṛvu)

Further reading

• Ernest Bender (1951) Nalarāyadavadantīcarita [Adventures of King Nala and Davadantī], Independence Square, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, page 345, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132