कड़वा
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi करवा (karavā), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka, “pungent, bitter”). Cognate to Gujarati કડવું (kaḍvũ), Marathi कडू (kaḍū).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kəɽ.ʋɑː/, [kəɽ.ʋäː]
Adjective
कड़वा • (kaṛvā) (Urdu spelling کَڑْوَا)
- bitter
- acidic, acerbic, biting
Declension
Declension of कड़वा (ā-stem)
masculine | feminine | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
direct | कड़वा kaṛvā | कड़वे kaṛve | कड़वी kaṛvī | कड़वी kaṛvī |
oblique | कड़वे kaṛve | कड़वे kaṛve | कड़वी kaṛvī | कड़वी kaṛvī |
vocative | कड़वे kaṛve | कड़वे kaṛve | कड़वी kaṛvī | कड़वी kaṛvī |
Derived terms
- कड़वाहट (kaṛvāhaṭ)
- कड़वापन (kaṛvāpan)
Proper noun
कड़वा • (kaṛvā) m
- Kadwa (a village in Bihar, India)
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “कड़वा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 86.
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “कड़वा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 758
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “कड़वा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 160
- Platts, John T. (1884), “کڙوا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 832
- “कड़वा”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132