एव

एव

Sanskrit

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas. Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (aēuua).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́j.ʋɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ʋɐ/

Particle

एव • (éva) (Vedic áiva)

1. so, just so
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
2. indeed, truly
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. just, exactly, as; alone, only
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. an emphatic particle

Usage notes

In later Sanskrit, एवम् (evám) replaces these senses of एव (éva).

Etymology 2

From the root इ (i, “to go”).

Adjective

एव • (éva) (Vedic áiva)

1. speedy, quick

   Synonym: शीघ्र (śīghra)

   • TBr

Noun

एव • (éva) m (Vedic áiva)

1. way, course

   Synonym: पथ (patha)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. earth, the world
   • VS
3. horse

   Synonym: अश्व (aśva)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. conduct, manner, custom

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of एव (éva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	एवः évaḥ	एवौ évau	एवाः / एवासः¹ évāḥ / évāsaḥ¹
Vocative	एव éva	एवौ évau	एवाः / एवासः¹ évāḥ / évāsaḥ¹
Accusative	एवम् évam	एवौ évau	एवान् évān
Instrumental	एवेन évena	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवैः / एवेभिः¹ évaiḥ / évebhiḥ¹
Dative	एवाय évāya	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवेभ्यः évebhyaḥ
Ablative	एवात् évāt	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवेभ्यः évebhyaḥ
Genitive	एवस्य évasya	एवयोः évayoḥ	एवानाम् évānām
Locative	एवे éve	एवयोः évayoḥ	एवेषु éveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “एव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 232.