एक
Hindi
10 | ||||
[a], [b] ← 0 | १ 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: एक (ek) Ordinal: पहला (pahlā), पहिला (pahilā), प्रथम (pratham) Fractional: पूरा (pūrā) |
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi एक (eka), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), from Sanskrit एक (éka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /eːk/
Audio (file)
Numeral
एक • (ek) (Urdu spelling ایک) (cardinal)
- one; 1
Adjective
एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)
- sole, only
Derived terms
- एकजुट (ekjuṭ)
- एकदम (ekdam)
Konkani
Etymology
From Maharastri Prakrit, from Sanskrit एक (éka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas.
Numeral
एक • (ek) (Latin script ek, Kannada script ಎಕ)
- one
Maithili
Etymology
From Sanskrit एक (éka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [eːk]
Numeral
एक • (ek)
- one
Marathi
10 | ||||
← 0 | १ 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: एक (ek) Ordinal: पहिले (pahile) Adverbial: एकदा (ekdā) Collective: एकटा (ekṭā) |
Etymology
Inherited from Maharastri Prakrit, from Sanskrit एक (éka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ek/
Audio (file)
Numeral
एक • (ek)
- one
Nepali
10[a], [b] | ||||
[a], [b] ← 0 | १ 1 | 2 → | 10 → [a], [b] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: एक (ek) Ordinal: पहिलो (pahilo), प्रथम (pratham) Adverbial: एकचोटी (ekacoṭī), एकपटक (ekapaṭak) |
Etymology
Inherited from Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka)), from Sanskrit एक (éka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ek]
- Phonetic Devanagari: एक्
Numeral
एक • (ek)
- one
Old Hindi
Alternative forms
- इक (ika), हेक (heka)
Etymology
From Sauraseni Apabhramsa एक्क, from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), 𑀇𑀓 (ika), from Sanskrit एक (eka).
Numeral
एक (eka)
- one
- c. 1500, Kabīr 77.1
- एक जोति तैं सब उतपंना, कौंण वारंण कौंण सूदा
- eka joti taiṃ saba utapaṃnā, kauṃṇa vāraṃṇa kauṃṇa sūdā
- All have arisen from one light, who is a brāhmin and who is a śūdra?
Descendants
- Hindi: एक (ek)
Pali
Alternative forms
- eka (Latin script)
- 𑀏𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- এক (Bengali script)
- එක (Sinhalese script)
- ဧက or ဨက or ဢေၵ (Burmese script)
- เอก or เอกะ (Thai script)
- ᩑᨠ (Tai Tham script)
- ເອກ or ເອກະ (Lao script)
- ឯក (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄬𑄇 (Chakma script)
Numeral
एक (eka)
- Devanagari script form of eka (“one”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
-
Declension
Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | एको (eko) | एके (eke) |
Accusative (second) | एकं (ekaṃ) | एके (eke) |
Instrumental (third) | एकेन (ekena) | एकेहि (ekehi) or एकेभि (ekebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | एकस्स (ekassa) | एकेसं (ekesaṃ) or एकेसानं (ekesānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | एकस्मा (ekasmā) or एकम्हा (ekamhā) | एकेहि (ekehi) or एकेभि (ekebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | एकस्स (ekassa) | एकेसं (ekesaṃ) or एकेसानं (ekesānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | एकस्मिं (ekasmiṃ) or एकम्हि (ekamhi) | एकेसु (ekesu) |
Vocative (calling) | एक (eka) | एके (eke) |
Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | एका (ekā) | एकायो (ekāyo) or एका (ekā) |
Accusative (second) | एकं (ekaṃ) | एकायो (ekāyo) or एका (ekā) |
Instrumental (third) | एकाय (ekāya) | एकाहि (ekāhi) or एकाभि (ekābhi) |
Dative (fourth) | एकिस्सा (ekissā) or एकिस्साय (ekissāya) | एकासं (ekāsaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | एकाय (ekāya) | एकाहि (ekāhi) or एकाभि (ekābhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | एकिस्सा (ekissā) or एकिस्साय (ekissāya) | एकासं (ekāsaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | एकाय (ekāya) or एकायं (ekāyaṃ) or एकिस्सं (ekissaṃ) | एकासु (ekāsu) |
Vocative (calling) | एके (eke) | एकायो (ekāyo) or एका (ekā) |
Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | एकं (ekaṃ) | एकानि (ekāni) |
Accusative (second) | एकं (ekaṃ) | एकानि (ekāni) |
Instrumental (third) | एकेन (ekena) | एकेहि (ekehi) or एकेभि (ekebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | एकस्स (ekassa) | एकेसं (ekesaṃ) or एकेसानं (ekesānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | एकस्मा (ekasmā) or एकम्हा (ekamhā) | एकेहि (ekehi) or एकेभि (ekebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | एकस्स (ekassa) | एकेसं (ekesaṃ) or एकेसानं (ekesānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | एकस्मिं (ekasmiṃ) or एकम्हि (ekamhi) | एकेसु (ekesu) |
Vocative (calling) | एक (eka) | एकानि (ekāni) |
Sanskrit
10 | ||||
← 0 | १ 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: एक (eka) Ordinal: प्रथम (prathama) Multiplier: एकधा (ekadhā) Distributive: एकशस् (ekaśas) |
Alternative scripts
- ᬏᬓ (Balinese script)
- এক (Assamese script)
- এক (Bengali script)
- 𑰊𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀏𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌏𑌕 (Grantha script)
- એક (Gujarati script)
- ਏਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦌꦏ (Javanese script)
- ឯក (Khmer script)
- ಏಕ (Kannada script)
- ເອກ (Lao script)
- ഏക (Malayalam script)
- 𑘊𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᠧᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- ᡝᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဧက (Burmese script)
- 𑦪𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐊𑐎 (Newa script)
- ଏକ (Oriya script)
- ꢍꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆍𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖊𑖎 (Siddham script)
- ඒක (Sinhalese script)
- ఏక (Telugu script)
- เอก (Thai script)
- ཨེ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒋𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́j.kɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeː.kɐ/
Numeral
एक • (éka)
- one
Adjective
एक • (éka) (Vedic áika)
- (with and without एव (eva)) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only
- the same, one and the same, identical
- one of two or many
- single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent
- sincere, truthful
- little, small
- (sometimes used as an indefinite article), a, an
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of एक (eka) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | एकः ekaḥ | - - | - - |
Vocative | - - | - - | - - |
Accusative | एकम् ekam | - - | - - |
Instrumental | एकेन ekena | - - | - - |
Dative | एकस्मै ekasmai | - - | - - |
Ablative | एकस्मात् ekasmāt | - - | - - |
Genitive | एकस्य ekasya | - - | - - |
Locative | एकस्मिन् ekasmin | - - | - - |
Feminine ā-stem declension of एका (ekā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | एका ekā | - - | - - |
Vocative | - - | - - | - - |
Accusative | एकाम् ekām | - - | - - |
Instrumental | एकया / एका¹ ekayā / ekā¹ | - - | - - |
Dative | एकस्यै ekasyai | - - | - - |
Ablative | एकस्याः ekasyāḥ | - - | - - |
Genitive | एकस्याः ekasyāḥ | - - | - - |
Locative | एकस्याम् ekasyām | - - | - - |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of एक (eka) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | एकम् ekam | - - | - - |
Vocative | - - | - - | - - |
Accusative | एकम् ekam | - - | - - |
Instrumental | एकेन ekena | - - | - - |
Dative | एकस्मै ekasmai | - - | - - |
Ablative | एकस्मात् ekasmāt | - - | - - |
Genitive | एकस्य ekasya | - - | - - |
Locative | एकस्मिन् ekasmin | - - | - - |
Noun
एक • (éka) m (Vedic áika)
- name of a teacher
- name of a son of रय (Raya)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of एक (eka) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | एकः ekaḥ | एकौ ekau | एकाः / एकासः¹ ekāḥ / ekāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | एक eka | एकौ ekau | एकाः / एकासः¹ ekāḥ / ekāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | एकम् ekam | एकौ ekau | एकान् ekān |
Instrumental | एकेन ekena | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकैः / एकेभिः¹ ekaiḥ / ekebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | एकाय ekāya | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकेभ्यः ekebhyaḥ |
Ablative | एकात् ekāt | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकेभ्यः ekebhyaḥ |
Genitive | एकस्य ekasya | एकयोः ekayoḥ | एकानाम् ekānām |
Locative | एके eke | एकयोः ekayoḥ | एकेषु ekeṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
एक • (éka) n (Vedic áika)
- unity, a unit (at the end of a compound)
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of एक (eka) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | एकम् ekam | एके eke | एकानि / एका¹ ekāni / ekā¹ |
Vocative | एक eka | एके eke | एकानि / एका¹ ekāni / ekā¹ |
Accusative | एकम् ekam | एके eke | एकानि / एका¹ ekāni / ekā¹ |
Instrumental | एकेन ekena | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकैः / एकेभिः¹ ekaiḥ / ekebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | एकाय ekāya | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकेभ्यः ekebhyaḥ |
Ablative | एकात् ekāt | एकाभ्याम् ekābhyām | एकेभ्यः ekebhyaḥ |
Genitive | एकस्य ekasya | एकयोः ekayoḥ | एकानाम् ekānām |
Locative | एके eke | एकयोः ekayoḥ | एकेषु ekeṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
- ऐक्य (aikya)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kalami: [script needed] (ak), [script needed] (akh)
- Gawar-Bati: یَک (yak)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (ak)
- Kalasha: ek
- Kashmiri:
- Arabic: اَکھ (akh)
- Devanagari: अख (akh)
- Khowar: اِ (i)
- Phalura: آکھ (ā), آ
- Shina: [script needed] (ĕk)
- Savi: [script needed] (yak), [script needed] (ek)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (yek)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (īk)
- Torwali: [script needed] (ē), [script needed] (ēk)
- Eastern:
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: এক (ek), এটা (eta)
- Bengali: এক (ek)
- Bhojpuri: एगो (ēgō)
- Maithili: एक (ēk)
- Oriya: ଏ (e)
- Rohingya: [script needed] (ek)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Southern:
- Elu:
- Dhivehi: އެއް (ek̊)
- Sinhalese: එක (eka)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: एक (ēk)
- Marathi: एक (ek)
- Elu:
- → Old Javanese: eka
- Javanese: ꦲꦺꦏ (éka)
- → Balinese: ᬏᬓ (éka)
- Pali: eka
- → Burmese: ဧက (eka.)
- → Khmer: ឯក (ʼaek)
- → Lao: ເອກ (ʼēk)
- → Thai: เอก (èek)
- → Santali: ᱮᱠᱚ (ekô)
- Central:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka) (see there for further descendants)
- Northern:
- Sindhi: اےکُ (eku), حےکُ (heku)
- Lahnda: [script needed] (hekk), [script needed] (hikk)
- Kumaoni: एक (ek)
- → Kannada: ಏಕ (ēka)
- → Malay: ايک (eka)
- Indonesian: eka
- → Telugu: ఏకము (ēkamu)
- → Thai: เอก (èek)
- → Prasuni: [script needed] (ipin)
- → Waigali: [script needed] (ew)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “एक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0227.