ऋतु
See also: ऋत
Hindi
Alternative forms
- रितु (ritu)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú). Doublet of रुत (rut), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɾɪ.t̪uː/
Noun
ऋतु • (ŕtu) f (Urdu spelling رتو)
- season
- Synonyms: मौसम (mausam), रुत (rut)
- पपीहा वर्षाऋतु में सदा गाता है।
- papīhā varṣā ŕtu mẽ sadā gātā hai.
- The cuckoo always sings during the rainy season.
- भारत में छहऋतुएँ होती हैं।
- bhārat mẽ chah ŕtuẽ hotī ha͠i.
- There are six seasons in India.
Declension
Declension of ऋतु (fem u-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ऋतु ŕtu | ऋतुएँ ŕtuẽ |
| oblique | ऋतु ŕtu | ऋतुओं ŕtuõ |
| vocative | ऋतु ŕtu | ऋतुओ ŕtuo |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ऋतु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “ऋतु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬋᬢᬸ (Balinese script)
- ঋতু (Assamese script)
- ঋতু (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰝𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌋𑌤𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ઋતુ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਤੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦉꦠꦸ (Javanese script)
- ឫតុ (Khmer script)
- ಋತು (Kannada script)
- ຣິຕຸ (Lao script)
- ഋതു (Malayalam script)
- 𑘆𑘝𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠷᢈᢐᠤ (Mongolian script)
- ᡵᡳᢠᡠ (Manchu script)
- ၒတု (Burmese script)
- 𑦦𑦽𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐟𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଋତୁ (Oriya script)
- ꢈꢡꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆠𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖝𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ඍතු (Sinhalese script)
- ఋతు (Telugu script)
- ฤตุ (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཏུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒞𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš (“fixed period of time, season”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tú-s, from *h₂er- (“to fit, fix”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “period of time”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “bond”), Old Armenian արդ (ard), Latin artus (“joint”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /r̩.tú/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈr̩.t̪u/
Noun
ऋतु • (ṛtú) m
- any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
- an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.53.7:
- आगन्देव ऋतुभिर्वर्धतु क्षयं दधातु नः सविता सुप्रजामिषम् ।
स नः क्षपाभिरहभिश्च जिन्वतु प्रजावन्तं रयिमस्मे समिन्वतु ॥- āgandeva ṛtubhirvardhatu kṣayaṃ dadhātu naḥ savitā suprajāmiṣam .
sa naḥ kṣapābhirahabhiśca jinvatu prajāvantaṃ rayimasme saminvatu . - With the year's seasons hath Savitar, God, come nigh: may he prosper our home, give food and noble sons.
May he invigorate us through the days and nights, and may he send us opulence with progeny.
- āgandeva ṛtubhirvardhatu kṣayaṃ dadhātu naḥ savitā suprajāmiṣam .
- आगन्देव ऋतुभिर्वर्धतु क्षयं दधातु नः सविता सुप्रजामिषम् ।
- fixed order, order, rule
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
- the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to Bhāvaprakāśa sixteen days after their appearance)
- sexual union at the above time
Declension
| Masculine u-stem declension of ऋतु (ṛtú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋतुः ṛtúḥ | ऋतू ṛtū́ | ऋतवः ṛtávaḥ |
| Vocative | ऋतो ṛ́to | ऋतू ṛ́tū | ऋतवः ṛ́tavaḥ |
| Accusative | ऋतुम् ṛtúm | ऋतू ṛtū́ | ऋतून् ṛtū́n |
| Instrumental | ऋतुना / ऋत्वा¹ ṛtúnā / ṛtvā̀¹ | ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām | ऋतुभिः ṛtúbhiḥ |
| Dative | ऋतवे / ऋत्वे² ṛtáve / ṛtvè² | ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām | ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ऋतोः / ऋत्वः² ṛtóḥ / ṛtvàḥ² | ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām | ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ऋतोः / ऋत्वः² ṛtóḥ / ṛtvàḥ² | ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ | ऋतूनाम् ṛtūnā́m |
| Locative | ऋतौ ṛtaú | ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ | ऋतुषु ṛtúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- आर्तव (ārtava)
Descendants
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀉 (uu)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਰੁੱਤ (rutta)
- Shahmukhi: رُت (rutta)
- Punjabi:
- Pali: utu
Borrowed terms
- → Assamese: ঋতু (ritu)
- → Bengali: ঋতু (ŕtu)
- → Gujarati: ઋતુ (rutu)
- → Hindi: ऋतु (ŕtu), रितु (ritu), रुत (rut)
- → Khmer: រដូវ (rɔdəw)
- → Lao: ລະດູ (la dū)
- → Marathi: ऋतू (ŕtū), रुतू (rutū)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘝𑘳 (rutu)
- → Sinhalese: ඍතුව (r̥tuwa)
- → Telugu: ఋతువు (r̥tuvu)
- → Thai: ฤดู (rʉ́-duu)
- → Urdu: رتو (ritu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “ऋतु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0224.