ऋण
See also: ऋण्
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇá).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɾɪn/
Noun
ऋण • (ŕṇ) m
- (finance) debt, loss
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬋᬡ (Balinese script)
- ঋণ (Bengali script)
- ঋণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌋𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ઋણ (Gujarati script)
- ꦉꦟ (Javanese script)
- ಋಣ (Kannada script)
- ၒဏ (Burmese script)
- ଋଣ (Oriya script)
- ꢈꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ఋణ (Telugu script)
- རྀཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥nás, *Harnás (“debt, guilt”).[1] Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬹𐬗𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (arənat̰ caēša, “punishing guilt”), Khotanese [script needed] (ārra, “fault”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /r̩.ɳɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈr̩.ɳɐ/
Noun
ऋण • (ṛṇá) n
- anything due, obligation, duty, debt
- the obligations of a Brahman
- anything wanted or missed
- a debt of money, money owed
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.47.2:
- कृतानीदस्य कर्त्वा चेतन्ते दस्युतर्हणा ।
ऋणा च धृष्णुश्चयते ॥- kṛtānīdasya kartvā cetante dasyutarhaṇā .
ṛṇā ca dhṛṣṇuścayate . - His task is done: his crushings of the Dasyus are made manifest:
He sternly reckoneth their debts.
- kṛtānīdasya kartvā cetante dasyutarhaṇā .
- कृतानीदस्य कर्त्वा चेतन्ते दस्युतर्हणा ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
- c. 800 BCE, Yājñavalkya
- guilt
- (mathematics) a negative quality, minus
- water
- fort, stronghold
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of ऋण (ṛṇá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋणम् ṛṇám | ऋणे ṛṇé | ऋणानि / ऋणा¹ ṛṇā́ni / ṛṇā́¹ |
| Vocative | ऋण ṛ́ṇa | ऋणे ṛ́ṇe | ऋणानि / ऋणा¹ ṛ́ṇāni / ṛ́ṇā¹ |
| Accusative | ऋणम् ṛṇám | ऋणे ṛṇé | ऋणानि / ऋणा¹ ṛṇā́ni / ṛṇā́¹ |
| Instrumental | ऋणेन ṛṇéna | ऋणाभ्याम् ṛṇā́bhyām | ऋणैः / ऋणेभिः¹ ṛṇaíḥ / ṛṇébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | ऋणाय ṛṇā́ya | ऋणाभ्याम् ṛṇā́bhyām | ऋणेभ्यः ṛṇébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ऋणात् ṛṇā́t | ऋणाभ्याम् ṛṇā́bhyām | ऋणेभ्यः ṛṇébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ऋणस्य ṛṇásya | ऋणयोः ṛṇáyoḥ | ऋणानाम् ṛṇā́nām |
| Locative | ऋणे ṛṇé | ऋणयोः ṛṇáyoḥ | ऋणेषु ṛṇéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨣 (ina)
- → Gujarati: ઋણ (ruṇa)
Adjective
ऋण • (ṛṇá)
- going, flying, fugitive
- guilty, having gone against or transgressed
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of ऋण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | ऋणः (ṛṇaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋणः (ṛṇaḥ) | ऋणौ (ṛṇau) | ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ) |
| Vocative | ऋण (ṛṇa) | ऋणौ (ṛṇau) | ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ) |
| Accusative | ऋणम् (ṛṇam) | ऋणौ (ṛṇau) | ऋणान् (ṛṇān) |
| Instrumental | ऋणेन (ṛṇena) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणैः (ṛṇaiḥ) |
| Dative | ऋणाय (ṛṇāya) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | ऋणात् (ṛṇāt) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām) |
| Locative | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणेषु (ṛṇeṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of ऋण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | ऋणा (ṛṇā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋणा (ṛṇā) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ) |
| Vocative | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ) |
| Accusative | ऋणाम् (ṛṇām) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ) |
| Instrumental | ऋणया (ṛṇayā) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणाभिः (ṛṇābhiḥ) |
| Dative | ऋणायै (ṛṇāyai) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणाभ्यः (ṛṇābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणाभ्यः (ṛṇābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām) |
| Locative | ऋणायाम् (ṛṇāyām) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणासु (ṛṇāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of ऋण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | ऋणम् (ṛṇam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ऋणम् (ṛṇam) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणानि (ṛṇāni) |
| Vocative | ऋण (ṛṇa) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणानि (ṛṇāni) |
| Accusative | ऋणम् (ṛṇam) | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणानि (ṛṇāni) |
| Instrumental | ऋणेन (ṛṇena) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणैः (ṛṇaiḥ) |
| Dative | ऋणाय (ṛṇāya) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | ऋणात् (ṛṇāt) | ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) | ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām) |
| Locative | ऋणे (ṛṇe) | ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) | ऋणेषु (ṛṇeṣu) |
References
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University