इष्टका

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

इष्टिका (iṣṭikā)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *íṣṭakaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH (“brick”), possibly from the BMAC substrate.[1][2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (ištiia, “brick”), Persian ‎ (xešt, “brick”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /íʂ.ʈɐ.kɑː/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈiʂ.ʈɐ.kɑː/

Noun

इष्टका • (íṣṭakā) f [3]

brick
bakestone

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of इष्टका (íṣṭakā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	इष्टका íṣṭakā	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Vocative	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Accusative	इष्टकाम् íṣṭakām	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Instrumental	इष्टकया / इष्टका¹ íṣṭakayā / íṣṭakā¹	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभिः íṣṭakābhiḥ
Dative	इष्टकायै íṣṭakāyai	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभ्यः íṣṭakābhyaḥ
Ablative	इष्टकायाः íṣṭakāyāḥ	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभ्यः íṣṭakābhyaḥ
Genitive	इष्टकायाः íṣṭakāyāḥ	इष्टकयोः íṣṭakayoḥ	इष्टकानाम् íṣṭakānām
Locative	इष्टकायाम् íṣṭakāyām	इष्टकयोः íṣṭakayoḥ	इष्टकासु íṣṭakāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Khowar: [script needed] (ušṭu)
  - → Yazghulami: [script needed] (uštu), [script needed] (uštū)[4]
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: ইট (iṭ)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Marathi: वीट (vīṭ)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਇੱਟ (iṭṭa) / اِٹّ‎ (iṭṭ)
Pali: iṭṭhaka
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindi: ईंट (ī̃ṭ)
- Gujarati: ઈંટ (ī̃ṭa)
→ Dravidian:
- Kannada: ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (iṭṭige)
- Telugu: ఇటుక (iṭuka)
→ Thai:
- Thai: อิฐ (ìt)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 4
Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
Monier Williams (1899), “इष्टका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 169/3.
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “'uštu”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page Í9Β

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 4

[2] Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “इष्टका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 169/3.

[4] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “'uštu”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page Í9Β