आत्मन्
Sanskrit
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHtmā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHtmā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁tmṓ (compare Old High German ātum (“breath”) (whence German Atem), Tocharian A āñcäm (from a related root).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑːt̪.mɐ́n̪/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɑːt̪.mɐn̪/
Noun
आत्मन् • (ātmán) m
- breath (RV.)
- soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
- self
- nature, character
- a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
- body
- mind, understanding
- the world-soul
- effort (L.)
- firmness (L.)
- sun (L.)
- fire (L.)
- son (L.)
Declension
Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | आत्मा ātmā́ | आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ | आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ |
Vocative | आत्मन् ātmán | आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹ | आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ |
Accusative | आत्मानम् ātmā́nam | आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
Instrumental | आत्मना ātmánā | आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām | आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ |
Dative | आत्मने ātmáne | आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām | आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
Ablative | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ | आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām | आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
Genitive | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ | आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ | आत्मनाम् ātmánām |
Locative | आत्मनि ātmáni | आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ | आत्मसु ātmásu |
Notes |
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Derived terms
- महात्मन् (mahātmán)
Pronoun
आत्मन् • (ātmán)
- (reflexive) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence
Borrowed terms
- → English: atman
- → Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
- → Hindi: आत्म- (ātma-)
- → Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
- → Russian: а́тман (átman)
- → Spanish: atman
- → Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)
Descendants
- Dardic: *ātmán
- Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
- Helu:
- Sinhalese: අත (ata)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Assamese: আপোন (apün)
- Bengali: আপ (ap), আপনি (apni, “you”)
- Bihari:
- Maithili: अपनि (apani)
- Oriya: ଆପେ (ape)
- Sylheti: ꠀꠙ꠆ꠘꠦ (afne)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Konkani: आपण (āpaṇa)
- Marathi: आप (āp), आपण (āpaṇ, “you”)
- Pali: attan
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Garhwali: अप्णु (apṇu)
- Gujarati: આપું (āpũ)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: आप (āp, “you”)
- Urdu: آپ (āp, “you”)
- Kumaoni: आप (āp)
- Nepali: आंत (ā̃ta), आफु (āphu)
- Punjabi: ਆਪ (āp)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0135.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ātmán (1135)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press