आ

आ

आ U+0906, आ DEVANAGARI LETTER AA ← अ [U+0905] Devanagari इ → [U+0907]

Translingual

Etymology

From the Gupta letter (ā).

Letter

आ (ā)

1. The second letter and vowel of the Devanagari script.

Usage notes

Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ा. For example, the first consonant क with the matra looks like: का.

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Bhojpuri

Conjunction

आ (ā) (Kaithi 𑂄)

1. and

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Dhivehi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əː/, [əː]

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari script

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Hindi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aː/, /a/, /ɑː/, [äː]
• The first three transcriptions are very common, but the fourth is the true phonetic value.

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. the second vowel of Hindi

See also

• (matra): ा (ā)
• (Devanagari script letters) अ,‎ आ,‎ इ,‎ ई,‎ उ,‎ ऊ,‎ ऋ,‎ ए,‎ ऐ,‎ ओ,‎ औ,‎ अं,‎ अः,‎ अँ,‎ क,‎ ख,‎ ग,‎ घ,‎ ङ,‎ च,‎ छ,‎ ज,‎ झ,‎ ञ,‎ ट,‎ ठ,‎ ड,‎ ढ,‎ ण,‎ त,‎ थ,‎ द,‎ ध,‎ न,‎ प,‎ फ,‎ ब,‎ भ,‎ म,‎ य,‎ र,‎ ल,‎ व,‎ श,‎ ष,‎ स,‎ ह,‎ त्र,‎ ज्ञ,‎ क्ष,‎ क़,‎ ख़,‎ ग़,‎ ज़,‎ झ़,‎ ड़,‎ ढ़,‎ फ़ ^{(Category: Hindi letters) [edit]}

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Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a/

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Marathi

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Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: आ
• While the first transcription is very common, the second is the true phonetic value.

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Nepali.

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Old Gujarati

Pronoun

आ • (ā)

1. he, this

Determiner

आ • (ā)

1. this

Descendants

• Gujarati: આ (ā)

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬆ (Balinese script)
• আ (Assamese script)
• আ (Bengali script)
• 𑰁 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌆 (Grantha script)
• આ (Gujarati script)
• ਆ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦄꦴ (Javanese script)
• អា (Khmer script)
• ಆ (Kannada script)
• ອາ (Lao script)
• ആ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘁 (Modi script)
• ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• ᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• အာ (Burmese script)
• 𑦡 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁 (Newa script)
• ଆ (Oriya script)
• ꢃ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁 (Siddham script)
• ආ (Sinhalese script)
• ఆ (Telugu script)
• อา (Thai script)
• ཨཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *at (whence English at) and Latin ad. The final *d in the Proto-Indo-European term regularly alternated with *h₁, the latter appearing before certain consonants originally. Sanskrit generalized the form ending in *h₁ and its fellow Indo-European cognates generalized the form ending in *d.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɑː/

Adverb

आ • (ā́)

1. (Vedic) separated form of आ- (ā-)

Postposition

आ • (ā́)

1. With senses determined by the accusative case:
   1. (+ accusative) near to, towards, to
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   2. (+ accusative) for
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. With senses determined by the ablative case:
   1. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   2. (+ ablative) out of, from among
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. (+locative) in, at, on

Preposition

आ • (ā́)

1. (+ accusative) up to ... exclusively
   • c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
2. With senses determined by the ablative case
   1. (+ ablative) up to, to, as far as
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
      • 900-1100 AD; copied later, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies‎, volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:

        វិមទ*យន្តិយេភូមី*
        ទាសាន្ទេវស្យបាបី*នះ
        តេសវ្វ៌នរកេយាន្តុ
        យាតនាមាភវក្ឞយាត៑ ៕
        * Read ទ, មី and បី as ទ៌, មិ and បិ.

        vimardayanti ye bhūmi
        dāsāndevasya pāpinaḥ
        te sarvvanarake yāntu
        yātanām ā bhavakṣayāt· ॥

        May the evil ones who disturb the land and servants of the god undergo torment in every hell until the end of existence.

   2. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

References

1. Garnier, Romain (2014), “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160

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Sherpa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑ~ʌ]

Letter

आ (ā)

1. Used to represent the [ɑ~ʌ] sound in Sherpa.