ܦܠܚܐ
Classical Syriac
Etymology 1
From the root ܦ-ܠ-ܚ (p-l-ḥ) related to working.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɑlħɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
- IPA(key): [pɑlħe(ʔ)], [pɑlaħwɑθɑ(ʔ)] (plural)
Noun
ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ or ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)
- servant, attendant, agent, minister
- artisan
- (military) soldier
- worker, peasant
- vintner
- worshipper
| Chess pieces in Classical Syriac · (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| ܡܠܟܐ | ܬܘܪܬܢܐ | ܡܓܕܠܐ | ܦܝܠܐ | ܣܘܣܝܐ | ܦܠܚܐ |
Usage notes
Usually, the plural ܦܠܚܐ (pālḥē(ʾ)) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܦܠܚܘܬܐ (pālaḥwāṯā(ʾ)) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).
Inflection
declension of ܦܠܚܐ
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܦܠܚ | ܦܠܚܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܢ |
| construct | ܦܠܚ | ܦܠܚܘܬ ,ܦܠܚܝ |
| emphatic | ܦܠܚܐ | ܦܠܚܘܬܐ ,ܦܠܚܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܦܠܚܝ | ܦܠܚܘܬܝ ,ܦܠܚܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܦܠܚܟ | ܦܠܚܘܬܟ ,ܦܠܚܝܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܝ | ܦܠܚܘܬܟܝ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܦܠܚܗ | ܦܠܚܘܬܗ ,ܦܠܚܘܗܝ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܦܠܚܗ | ܦܠܚܘܬܗ ,ܦܠܚܝܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܦܠܚܢ | ܦܠܚܘܬܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܘܢ | ܦܠܚܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܝܢ | ܦܠܚܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܦܠܚܗܘܢ | ܦܠܚܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܦܠܚܗܝܢ | ܦܠܚܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܦܠܚܝܗܝܢ |
Descendants
- Kurdish:
- → Northern Kurdish: pale
- → Central Kurdish: پاڵە (palle)
Etymology 2
From the root ܦ-ܠ-ܚ (p-l-ḥ) related to working. Compare Aramaic פלחא.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pallɑħɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
- IPA(key): [pallɑħe(ʔ)] (plural)
Noun
ܦܠܚܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܦܠܚܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܦܠܚܬܐ)
- worker
- Synonym: ܦܥܠܐ
- tiller, cultivator, farmer, agriculturalist
- Synonym: ܐܟܪܐ
- vintner, vinedresser
- Synonyms: ܟܪܡܐ, ܚܡܪܐ
- worshipper
Inflection
inflection of ܦܠܚܐ
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܦܠܚ | ܦܠܚܝܢ |
| construct | ܦܠܚ | ܦܠܚܝ |
| emphatic | ܦܠܚܐ | ܦܠܚܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܦܠܚܝ | ܦܠܚܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܦܠܚܟ | ܦܠܚܝܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܝ | ܦܠܚܝܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܦܠܚܗ | ܦܠܚܘܗܝ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܦܠܚܗ | ܦܠܚܝܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܦܠܚܢ | ܦܠܚܝܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܘܢ | ܦܠܚܝܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܦܠܚܟܝܢ | ܦܠܚܝܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܦܠܚܗܘܢ | ܦܠܚܝܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܦܠܚܗܝܢ | ܦܠܚܝܗܝܢ |
Descendants
- → Arabic: فَلَّاح (fallāḥ)
- → English: fellah
- → French: fellah
- → German: Fellache
- Kurdish
- → Northern Kurdish: file, fele, fileh, fillah, fille
- → Central Kurdish: فەلە (fele)
- → Russian: фелла́х (felláx)
- → Swahili: falahi
- → Ottoman Turkish: فلاح
- Turkish: felah, fellah
- → Aromanian: fileah
- → Bulgarian: фела́х (feláh)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: фѐла̄х
- Latin: fèlāh
References
- “plḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 277a, b
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 448a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 1197b-1198a