ܢܦܫܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
From Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā), from Proto-Semitic *napš-; compare Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/).
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): [naw.ʃɑː]
- (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [noːʃɑː]
- (Urmian) IPA(key): [noːʃɑː]
Noun
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ • (nafšā) f (plural ܢܲܦ̮ܫ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (nafšāṯā))
- self (One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition.)
- ܩܛܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ ― qṭil lēh nafšēh ― He killed himself. [reflexive]
- ܚܙܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ ܒܢܵܘܪܵܐ. ― ḥzē lī nafšī bnāwrā. ― I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]
- ܒܸܬ ܐܵܬܝܵܐ ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܿܗ̇. ― bit ātyā bnafšoh. ― She will come by herelf.
- ܡܛܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ ܝܵܘܡܵܐ ܗܲܪ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܝܸܡܝܼ.
- mṭē lhon bnafšā yāwmā har ayḵ yimī.
- They arrived on the same day as my mother.
- breath (The act or process of breathing.)
- psyche (The human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual.)
Adjective
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ • (nafšā)
- (dialectical) same (Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; identical.)
- ܒܸܬ ܙܵܒ݂ܢܝܼܬܘܿܢ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ؟
- bit zāḇniton nafšā mindī?
- Will you buy the same thing?
Inflection
Inflection of ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā)
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||||
| singular | absolute | – | 1st person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ (nafšī) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ (nafšan) | ||
| construct | ܢܲܦ̮ܲܫ (naffaš) | 2nd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂ (nafšuḵ) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ (nafšāḵ) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nafšāwḵon) | ||
| emphatic | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā) | 3rd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ (nafšēh) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܿܗ̇ (nafšoh) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ (nafšhon) | ||
| plural | absolute | – | 1st person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܝܼ̈ (nafšātī) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܲܢ̈ (nafšātan) | ||
| construct | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ̈ (nafšāt) | 2nd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (nafšātuḵ) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (nafšātāḵ) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nafšātāwḵon) | ||
| emphatic | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܹ̈ܐ (nafšātē) | 3rd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (nafšātuh) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (nafšātoh) | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (nafšāthon) | ||
Derived terms
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐ (nafšānā, “animate”)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ (nafšānāʾīt)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܵܐ (nafšānāyā, “psychological”)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ (nafšānāyutā)
See also
- ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā)
- ܝܵܬܵܐ (yātā)
- ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnomā)
References
- “ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2022-10-04
- “ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2022-10-04
Classical Syriac
Etymology
From Proto-Semitic *napš-. Compare Akkadian 𒍣 (ZI /napištum/), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (nép̄eš), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nafʃɑ(ʔ)]
Noun
ܢܦܫܐ • (nap̄šā) f (plural ܢܦܫܬܐ)
- soul, life, breath of life
- self, oneself
- person
- funeral stele, tombstone
Inflection
declension of ܢܦܫܐ
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܢܦܫ | ܢܦܫܢ |
| construct | ܢܦܫ | ܢܦܫܬ |
| emphatic | ܢܦܫܐ | ܢܦܫܬܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܢܦܫܝ | ܢܦܫܬܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܢܦܫܟ | ܢܦܫܬܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܝ | ܢܦܫܬܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܢܦܫܗ | ܢܦܫܬܗ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܢܦܫܗ | ܢܦܫܬܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܢܦܫܢ | ܢܦܫܬܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܘܢ | ܢܦܫܬܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܝܢ | ܢܦܫܬܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܢܦܫܗܘܢ | ܢܦܫܬܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܢܦܫܗܝܢ | ܢܦܫܬܗܝܢ |
Derived terms
- ܢܦܫܢܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܐܝܬ
- ܢܦܫܢܘܬܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܝܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܝܘܬܐ
References
- “npš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 210a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 346b-347a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 938a