ܟܦܪ

ܟܦܪ

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ‎ (k-p-r) related to denying; compare Arabic كَفَرَ‎ (kafara), Hebrew כָּפַר‎ (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkpar]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܘܪ‎ (neḵpor)) (peal construction)

1. to wipe, wipe clean, scour
2. (usually with ܒ-‎) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
   • Peshitta, Matthew 10:22:

     ‏ܡܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܢܟܦܘܪ ܒܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܐܟܦܘܪ ܒܗ ܐܦ ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܒܝ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ.‎‎

     man dên də-neḵpor bī qəḏām bənaynāšā, ʾeḵpor bēh ʾāp̄ ʾĕnā qəḏām ʾāḇ[y] də-ḇa-šəmayyā.

     But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.

3. (with ܡܢ‎) to repel
4. (with ܛܝܒܘܬܐ‎) to be ungrateful

Etymology 2

Medio-passive form of the above.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈʔɛθ.k(ə.)far]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʔɪθ.kpar]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʔeθˈkfɑr]

Verb

ܐܬܟܦܪ • (ʾeṯkəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܬܟܦܪ‎ (neṯkəp̄ar)) (ethpeel construction)

1. to be wiped away
2. to be denied
3. to be disannulled, nullified
4. to be torn, broken asunder

Etymology 3

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ‎ (k-p-r) related to denying.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈkap.par]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkap.par]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [kɑˈfɑr]

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kappar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ‎ (nəḵappar)) (pael construction)

1. to scour, wipe dry, rub dry (hands etc.)
2. to wipe away (tears etc.)
3. (figuratively) to disperse, clear out, blot out; cleanse, purify
4. to consume; destroy, obliterate
5. to remove
6. to compel, apostatise/apostatize, force to deny
7. to browse

Etymology 4

Medio-passive form of the above.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ʔɛθˈkap.par]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʔɪθˈkap.par]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʔeθ.kɑˈfɑr]

Verb

ܐܬܟܦܪ • (ʾeṯkappar) (imperfect ܢܬܟܦܪ‎ (neṯkappar)) (ethpaal construction)

1. to be wiped off, blotted out, effaced, done away with, vanished
2. to be cleansed
3. to be destroyed
4. to deny

Etymology 5

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ‎ (k-p-r) related to denying.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈʔax.par]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʔax.par]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʔɑxˈfɑr]

Verb

ܐܟܦܪ • (ʾaḵpar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ‎ (naḵpar)) (aphel construction)

1. to cause to deny, renounce, apostatise/apostatize

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkpar]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Noun

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar)

1. absolute singular of ܟܦܪܐ‎ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)
2. construct state singular of ܟܦܪܐ‎ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)

References

• “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-21
• Audo, Toma (1897) ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ [Treasure of the Syriac Language] (in Classical Syriac), Mosul: Imprimerie des Pères Dominicains, pages 477b-478b
• Brock, Sebastian P. & Kiraz, George A. (2015) Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press: ܟܦܪ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Jun. 20, 2021]
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 160b-161a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 223a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 644a-b