ܚܠܐ

ܚܠܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חָלָא‎ (ḥālā); related to Arabic خَال‎ (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːlɑː]

Noun

ܚܵܠܵܐ • (ḥālā) m sg (plural ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē), feminine ܚܵܠܬܵܐ‎ (ḥāltā))

1. maternal blood uncle (brother of one's mother)

   Coordinate terms: ܥܲܡܵܐ‎ (ʿammā), ܥܲܡܬܵܐ‎ (ʿamtā), ܚܵܠܬܵܐ‎ (ḥāltā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܵܠܵܐ (ḥālā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ‎ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ‎ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠ‎ (ḥāl)	2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼܟ݂‎ (ḥāluḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ‎ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥālāwḵon)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܵܐ (ḥālā)	3rd person	ܚܵܠܹܗ‎ (ḥālēh)	ܚܵܠܘܿܗ̇‎ (ḥāloh)	ܚܵܠܗܘܿܢ‎ (ḥālhon)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ̈‎ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ̈‎ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠܲܝ̈‎ (ḥālay)	2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂‎ (ḥāluḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈‎ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥālāwḵon)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē)	3rd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ‎ (ḥāluh)	ܚܵܠ̈ܘܿܗ̇‎ (ḥāloh)	ܚܵܠܗ̈ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥālhon)

Derived terms

• ܒܲܟ݂ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ‎ (baḵt ḥālā, “aunt (mother's brother's wife)”)
• ܒܲܪ ܚܵܠܵܐ‎ (bar ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's son)”)
• ܒܲܪ݇ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ‎ (bat ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's daughter)”)

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/ḫallu/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ‎ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xal.lɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħal.lɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܠܵܐ • (ḥalā) m (uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܠܵܐ (ḥallā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
{{{number}}}	absolute	[[{{{abs.}}}#Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|{{{abs.}}}]]‎ ({{{abs.}}})	1st person	ܚܲܠܝܼ‎ (ḥalī)		ܚܲܠܲܢ‎ (ḥallan)
	construct	[[{{{cstr.}}}#Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|{{{cstr.}}}]]‎ ({{{cstr.}}})	2nd person	ܚܲܠܘܼܟ݂‎ (ḥaluḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܟ݂ܝ‎ (ḥallāḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥallāwḵon)
	emphatic	ܚܲܠܵܐ (ḥallā)	3rd person	ܚܲܠܹܗ‎ (ḥallēh)	ܚܲܠܘܿܗ̇‎ (ḥaloh)	ܚܲܠܗܘܿܢ‎ (ḥalhon)

Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew חוֹל‎ (ḥol) and Arabic حُلَّة‎ (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xil.lɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħil.lɑː]

Noun

ܚܸܠܵܐ • (ḥillā) m (plural ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ)

1. powder
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܸܠܵܐ (ḥillā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ‎ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ‎ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠ‎ (ḥil)	2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼܟ݂‎ (ḥiluḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ‎ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥillāwḵon)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܵܐ (ḥillā)	3rd person	ܚܸܠܹܗ‎ (ḥillēh)	ܚܸܠܘܿܗ̇‎ (ḥiloh)	ܚܸܠܗܘܿܢ‎ (ḥilhon)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ̈‎ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ̈‎ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠܲܝ̈‎ (ḥillay)	2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂‎ (ḥiluḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈‎ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥillāwḵon)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥillē)	3rd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ‎ (ḥiluh)	ܚܸܠ̈ܘܿܗ̇‎ (ḥiloh)	ܚܸܠܗ̈ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥilhon)

Etymology 4

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܐ‎ (ḥ-l-ā) related to sweetness; compare Arabic حَلَّ‎‎ (ḥalla).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xaːleː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħaːleː]

Verb

ܚܵܠܹܐ • (ḥālē) (present participle ܚܠܵܝܵܐ‎ (ḥlāyā), past participle ܚܸܠܝܵܐ‎ (ḥilyā))

1. to sweeten

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܠܹܐ (ḥālē)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܝܼ‎ (ḥlē lī)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂‎ (ḥlē luḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ‎ (ḥlē lēh)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܲܢ‎ (ḥlē lan)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎ (ḥlē lāwḵon)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ‎ (ḥlē lhon)
	f		ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ‎ (ḥlē lāḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇‎ (ḥlē lāh)
non-past	m	ܚܵܠܹܝܢ‎ (ḥālēn)	ܚܵܠܹܝܬ‎ (ḥālēt)	ܚܵܠܹܐ (ḥālē)	ܚܵܠܲܚ‎ (ḥālaḥ)	ܚܵܠܹܝܬܘܿܢ‎ (ḥālēton)	ܚܵܠܝܼ‎ (ḥālī)
	f	ܚܵܠܝܵܢ‎ (ḥālyān)	ܚܵܠܝܵܬܝ‎ (ḥālyāt)	ܚܵܠܝܵܐ‎ (ḥālyā)
imperative	m		ܚܠܝܼ‎ (ḥlī)			ܚܠܹܝܡܘܼܢ‎ (ḥlēmun)
	f		ܚܠܹܐ (ḥlē)

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Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Aramaic, from Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/ḫallu/), from Sumerian 𒂁𒄬 (/ḫal/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ‎ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħallɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (khālā) m (uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

    declension of ܚܠܐ

state	singular (uncountable)
absolute	ܚܠ‎
construct	ܚܠ‎
emphatic	ܚܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܠܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܠܗ‎
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܠܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܝܢ‎

Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew חוֹל‎ (ḥôl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (khālā) m (uncountable)

1. sand, gravel

Inflection

    declension of ܚܠܐ

state	singular (uncountable)
absolute	ܚܠ‎
construct	ܚܠ‎
emphatic	ܚܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܠܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܠܗ‎
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܠܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܝܢ‎

Etymology 3

Compare Arabic خَال‎ (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɑle(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥālā) m (plural ܚܠܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܠܬܐ‎)

1. maternal uncle

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
construct	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
emphatic	ܚܠܐ	ܚܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܠܝ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟ‎	ܚܠܝܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟܝ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܘܗܝ‎
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܝܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܠܢ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ‎

See also

• ܕܕܐ‎

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. dust, powder

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
construct	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
emphatic	ܚܠܐ	ܚܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܠܝ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟ‎	ܚܠܝܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟܝ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܘܗܝ‎
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܝܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܠܢ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ‎

Synonyms

• ܐܒܩܐ‎

Etymology 5

Compare Arabic حُلَّة‎ (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. cloth, covering, veil
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܠܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
construct	ܚܠ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
emphatic	ܚܠܐ	ܚܠܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܠܝ‎	ܚܠܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟ‎	ܚܠܝܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܠܟܝ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܘܗܝ‎
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܗ‎	ܚܠܝܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܠܢ‎	ܚܠܝܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܠܟܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܘܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܠܗܝܢ‎	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ‎

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed)

1. emphatic plural of ܚܠܬܐ‎

References

• “ḥl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pp. 99b, 104b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 142a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 451a-b

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Turoyo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ܚܳܠܐ • (ḥolo) m

1. maternal uncle