گوپال

See also: کوپال‎

Persian

Alternative forms

کوپال‎ (kupâl)

Etymology

Akin to the synonymous Northern Kurdish gopal, kopal, Armenian կոպալ (kopal), Udi кӏовал (ḳoval), Georgian კომბალი (ḳombali), კობალი (ḳobali), კობალა (ḳobala), Laz კოპალი (ǩop̌ali), Mingrelian კოპული (ḳoṗuli), Ossetian къобала (k’obala), къобола (k’obola), Pontic Greek κοπάλι (kopáli), Turkish gobal, gopbal, koppal, kobal, kubal, kopali, Romani kopal (“mallet; washerwoman's beetle”), probably also to Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קולפא‎ (qwlpˀ), גולפא‎ (gwlpˀ, “thick stick, club; blow”), Mandaic [script needed] (gulpa), [script needed] (qulpa), [script needed] (qupla, “rod, club, mace”) and possibly to Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos).

The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from (kōb-), the present stem of ‎ (kōftan, “to beat, strike”), with the same suffix as in ‎ (čangâl).[1][2][3] Others derive this group of words from Greek: compare Ancient Greek κόπανον (kópanon, “pestle”), Greek κόπανος (kópanos, “pestle; laundry dolly, washing beetle, battledore”), Pontic Greek κοπάνιν (kopánin), κοπάνι (kopáni, “pestle”).[4][5][6] A native origin has been suggested for the Kartvelian terms: see Proto-Kartvelian *ḳaṗ-.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoːpɑːl/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoːpɑːl/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡuːpɒːl/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ɡɵpɔl/

Noun

گوپال • (gupâl) (plural گوپال‌ها‎ (gupâl-hâ))

club, cudgel, mace
- 10^th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
  ‏سپاهی که دیدند گوپال اوی / بر و مِغفَر و شیرفش یال اوی‎
  sepâhi ke didand gupâl-e 'uy / bar o meqfar o širfaš yâle 'uy
  The [enemy] army then saw his [formidable] mace, / his [colossal] build, his [mighty] helmet, and his leonine mane of hair

Descendants

Tajik: кӯпол (küpol), гӯпол (güpol)

References

Horn, Paul (1898–1901), “Neupersische Schriftsprache [New Persian written language]”, in Geiger, Wilhelm; Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part II, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 176
Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 393, 520
Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 370
Tietze, Andreas (1955), “Griechische Lehnwörter im anatolischen Türkisch”, in Oriens (in German), volume 8, issue 2, DOI:10.2307/1578865, § 140, page 227
Symeonidis, Charalambos (1973), “Griechische lehnwörter im Türkischen”, in Balkan Studies‎ (in German), volume 14, § 93, pages 180–181
Tzitzilis, Christos (1987) Griechische Lehnwörter im Türkischen (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anatolischen Dialekte) (Schriften der Balkan-Kommission, philologische Abteilung; 33)‎ (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, § 224, page 66

“qwlp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “կոպալ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 593b
Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 378, page 82
Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “گوپال”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, page 991b
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “کوپال”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 1058

[1] Horn, Paul (1898–1901), “Neupersische Schriftsprache [New Persian written language]”, in Geiger, Wilhelm; Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part II, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 176

[2] Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 393, 520

[3] Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 370

[4] Tietze, Andreas (1955), “Griechische Lehnwörter im anatolischen Türkisch”, in Oriens (in German), volume 8, issue 2, DOI:10.2307/1578865, § 140, page 227

[5] Symeonidis, Charalambos (1973), “Griechische lehnwörter im Türkischen”, in Balkan Studies‎ (in German), volume 14, § 93, pages 180–181

[6] Tzitzilis, Christos (1987) Griechische Lehnwörter im Türkischen (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anatolischen Dialekte) (Schriften der Balkan-Kommission, philologische Abteilung; 33)‎ (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, § 224, page 66

单词	گوپال
释义	گوپال See also: کوپال‎ Persian Alternative forms کوپال‎ (kupâl) Etymology Akin to the synonymous Northern Kurdish gopal, kopal, Armenian կոպալ (kopal), Udi кӏовал (ḳoval), Georgian კომბალი (ḳombali), კობალი (ḳobali), კობალა (ḳobala), Laz კოპალი (ǩop̌ali), Mingrelian კოპული (ḳoṗuli), Ossetian къобала (k’obala), къобола (k’obola), Pontic Greek κοπάλι (kopáli), Turkish gobal, gopbal, koppal, kobal, kubal, kopali, Romani kopal (“mallet; washerwoman's beetle”), probably also to Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קולפא‎ (qwlpˀ), גולפא‎ (gwlpˀ, “thick stick, club; blow”), Mandaic [script needed] (gulpa), [script needed] (qulpa), [script needed] (qupla, “rod, club, mace”) and possibly to Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos). The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from (kōb-), the present stem of ‎ (kōftan, “to beat, strike”), with the same suffix as in ‎ (čangâl).[1][2][3] Others derive this group of words from Greek: compare Ancient Greek κόπανον (kópanon, “pestle”), Greek κόπανος (kópanos, “pestle; laundry dolly, washing beetle, battledore”), Pontic Greek κοπάνιν (kopánin), κοπάνι (kopáni, “pestle”).[4][5][6] A native origin has been suggested for the Kartvelian terms: see Proto-Kartvelian ḳaṗ-. Pronunciation (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoːpɑːl/ (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoːpɑːl/ (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡuːpɒːl/ (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ɡɵpɔl/ Noun گوپال* • (gupâl) (plural گوپال‌ها‎ (gupâl-hâ)) club, cudgel, mace 10^th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh ‏سپاهی که دیدند گوپال اوی / بر و مِغفَر و شیرفش یال اوی‎ sepâhi ke didand gupâl-e 'uy / bar o meqfar o širfaš yâle 'uy The [enemy] army then saw his [formidable] mace, / his [colossal] build, his [mighty] helmet, and his leonine mane of hair Descendants Tajik: кӯпол (küpol), гӯпол (güpol) References Horn, Paul (1898–1901), “Neupersische Schriftsprache [New Persian written language]”, in Geiger, Wilhelm; Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part II, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 176 Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 393, 520 Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 370 Tietze, Andreas (1955), “Griechische Lehnwörter im anatolischen Türkisch”, in Oriens (in German), volume 8, issue 2, DOI:10.2307/1578865, § 140, page 227 Symeonidis, Charalambos (1973), “Griechische lehnwörter im Türkischen”, in Balkan Studies‎ (in German), volume 14, § 93, pages 180–181 Tzitzilis, Christos (1987) Griechische Lehnwörter im Türkischen (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anatolischen Dialekte) (Schriften der Balkan-Kommission, philologische Abteilung; 33)‎ (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, § 224, page 66 Further reading “qwlp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986– Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “կոպալ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 593b Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 378, page 82 Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “گوپال”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, page 991b Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “کوپال”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 1058
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