گستاخ

گستاخ

Persian

Alternative forms

• بستاخ‎ (bostâx), استاخ‎ (ostâx)

Etymology

From Middle Persian wstʾhw' (wistāx, “confident, bold”), from wistāxw, from Old Persian *vistāhuva-. Akin to Old Armenian վստահ (vstah), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /ɡustɑːx/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /ɡʊstɒːx/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /ɡostɒːx/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /ɡustɔːx/

Adjective

گستاخ • (gostâx) (comparative گستاخ‌تَر‎ (gostâx-tar), superlative گستاخ‌تَرین‎ (gostâx-tarin))

1. (of people) brash (Overly bold or self-assertive to the point of being insensitive, tactless or impudent)

Derived terms

• گستاخی‎ (gostâxi)
• گستاخانه‎ (gostâxâne)

Descendants

• Hindustani:
  • Hindi: गुस्ताख़ (gustāx)
  • Urdu: گستاخ‎ (gustāx)
• Ottoman Turkish: گستاخ‎ (güstâh), كستاخ‎ (küstâh)
  • Turkish: küstah

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wistāx”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “گستاخ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul