کشور

کشور

See also: كسور‎

Mazanderani

Noun

کشور (transliteration needed)

1. country

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Pashto

Noun

کشور • (kišwár) m

1. land, region, territory, country

Declension

declension of کشور

	singular		plural
direct	کشور (kišwár)		کشورونه‎ (kišwáruna)
oblique	کشور (kišwár)		کشورونو‎ (kišwáruno)
vocative	کشوره‎ (kišwára)		کشورونو‎ (kišwáruno)

References

• “کشور”, in Pashto Dictionary (in English), Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009), “کشور”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

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Persian

Alternative forms

• کشکر‎ (kiškar) (dialectical, obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥‎ (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀‎ (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀‎ (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن‎ (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".

The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.

Compare Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر‎ (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛‎ (kyšp /kišp/, “country”), and Parthian [script needed] (kišfar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kiʃˈwaɾ/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /kɪʃˈwaɾ/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /keʃˈvæɾ/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /kiʃˈvaɾ/

Noun

Dari	کشور
Iranian Persian
Tajik	кишвар (kišvar)

کشور • (kešvar) (plural کشورها‎ (kešvar-hâ))

1. country
2. realm, region; land, soil
3. kingdom; territory
4. homeland, fatherland, motherland

Inflection

Basic forms of کشور (kešvar)
	singular	plural
bare	کشور (kešvar)	کشورها (kešvar-hấ) کشورا △ (kešvarấ)
definitive direct object	کشور را (kešvar râ) کشور رو △ (kešvaro)	کشورها را (kešvar-hấ râ) کشورا رو △ (kešvarấ ro)
ezâfe	کشور (kešvar-e)	کشورهای (kešvar-hấ-ye) کشورای △ (kešvarấ-ye)
marked indefinite or relative definite	کشوری (kešvar-i)	کشورهایی (kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i) کشورایی △ (kešvarấi)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• هفت کشور‎ (haft-kešvar, “the seven realms”)

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Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشور‎ (kišwar), itself from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥‎ (kišvar). Compare Pashto کشور‎ (kišwár), Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر‎ (kîşwer, “continent”), and Sogdian [script needed] (kyšp /kišp/, “country”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɪʃ.ʋɑːɾ/

Noun

کشور • (kiśvār) m (Hindi spelling किशवर)

1. country, realm, domain, territory, land
2. region, province
3. climate

Derived terms

• کِشْوَرآرا‎ (kišvárāra)
• کِشْوَرسِتاں‎ (kišvársítā)
• کِشْوَرسِتانی‎ (kišvársítānī)
• کِشْوَرکُشا‎ (kišvárkušā)
• کِشْوَرکُشائی‎ (kišvárkušay)
• کِشْوَرگِیر‎ (kišvárgīr)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit किशोर (kiśora).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɪ.ʃoːɾ/

Noun

کشور • (kiśor) m (Hindi spelling किशोर)

1. boy
2. lad
3. a youth
4. (law) minor

Related terms

• کشورا‎

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit क्षौर (kṣaura).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kʃɔːɾ/

Noun

کشور • (kśaur) m (Hindi spelling क्षौर)

1. shaving
2. barbershop

Related terms

• کشورک‎
• کشوری‎