يعر
Arabic
Etymology 1
Unclear. In Psalm 29:9 once plural יְעָ֫ר֥וֹת (yəʿārōṯ) after אַיָּלוֹת (ʾayyālōṯ, “hinds”), assumed by dint of comparativism a likely later misvocalized plural of a יַעֲרָה (yaʿărā, “kid”)—distinguished from homonymous “honeycomb”, an assumed nomen unitatis of יַעַר (yaʿar, “honeycombs”) found in the construct state יַעְרַת (yaʿəraṯ) in 1 Samuel 14:27—, while it has thus far plausibly been translated as the plural of יַעַר (yaʿar, “forest”). There is also Tigre ወርዔ (wärʿe, “mountain goat”), the consonant order of which corresponds to a word the Arabic lexicographers give as يَرَع (yaraʿ, “youngs of wild cows, أَوْلَادُ بَقَرِ الْوَحْشِ (ʾawlādu baqari l-waḥši)”), compare also يَرَاع (yarāʿ) given as a synonym of بَعُوض (baʿūḍ). If it is not instead the lost descendant of Proto-Semitic *waʕil- (“ibex”) the Arabic term must be, as many names for baby animals, deemed a borrowing from Aramaic, owing to the Northwest Semitic w → y change.
Noun
يَعْر • (yaʿr) m (plural أَيْعَار (ʾayʿār))
- offspring of a goat, kid
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | يَعْر yaʿr | الْيَعْر al-yaʿr | يَعْر yaʿr |
Nominative | يَعْرٌ yaʿrun | الْيَعْرُ al-yaʿru | يَعْرُ yaʿru |
Accusative | يَعْرًا yaʿran | الْيَعْرَ al-yaʿra | يَعْرَ yaʿra |
Genitive | يَعْرٍ yaʿrin | الْيَعْرِ al-yaʿri | يَعْرِ yaʿri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | يَعْرَيْن yaʿrayn | الْيَعْرَيْن al-yaʿrayn | يَعْرَيْ yaʿray |
Nominative | يَعْرَانِ yaʿrāni | الْيَعْرَانِ al-yaʿrāni | يَعْرَا yaʿrā |
Accusative | يَعْرَيْنِ yaʿrayni | الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʿrayni | يَعْرَيْ yaʿray |
Genitive | يَعْرَيْنِ yaʿrayni | الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʿrayni | يَعْرَيْ yaʿray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَيْعَار ʾayʿār | الْأَيْعَار al-ʾayʿār | أَيْعَار ʾayʿār |
Nominative | أَيْعَارٌ ʾayʿārun | الْأَيْعَارُ al-ʾayʿāru | أَيْعَارُ ʾayʿāru |
Accusative | أَيْعَارًا ʾayʿāran | الْأَيْعَارَ al-ʾayʿāra | أَيْعَارَ ʾayʿāra |
Genitive | أَيْعَارٍ ʾayʿārin | الْأَيْعَارِ al-ʾayʿāri | أَيْعَارِ ʾayʿāri |
Verb
يَعِرَ • (yaʿira) I, non-past يَيْعَرُ (yayʿaru) (obsolete)
- to bleat, to cry (of a young goat)
- 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:142:
- بَيْنَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جُلُوسٌ إِذْ دَفَعَ الرَّاعِي غَنَمَهُ إِلَى الْمُرَاحِ وَمَعَهُ سَخْلَة تَيْعَرُ
- baynā naḥnu maʿa rasūli llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wasallama julūsun ʾiḏ dafaʿa r-rāʿī ḡanamahu ʾilā l-murāḥi wa-maʿa-hū saḵla(t) tayʿaru
- We were sitting in the company of the Messenger of God (PBUH) when we saw that a shepherd was driving a herd of sheep to their fold. He had with him a newly-born lamb that was crying.
-
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | يُعَر yuʿar | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | يَاعِر yāʿir | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | يَعِرْتُ yaʿirtu | يَعِرْتَ yaʿirta | يَعِرَ yaʿira | يَعِرْتُمَا yaʿirtumā | يَعِرَا yaʿirā | يَعِرْنَا yaʿirnā | يَعِرْتُمْ yaʿirtum | يَعِرُوا yaʿirū | |||
f | يَعِرْتِ yaʿirti | يَعِرَتْ yaʿirat | يَعِرَتَا yaʿiratā | يَعِرْتُنَّ yaʿirtunna | يَعِرْنَ yaʿirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَيْعَرُ ʾayʿaru | تَيْعَرُ tayʿaru | يَيْعَرُ yayʿaru | تَيْعَرَانِ tayʿarāni | يَيْعَرَانِ yayʿarāni | نَيْعَرُ nayʿaru | تَيْعَرُونَ tayʿarūna | يَيْعَرُونَ yayʿarūna | |||
f | تَيْعَرِينَ tayʿarīna | تَيْعَرُ tayʿaru | تَيْعَرَانِ tayʿarāni | تَيْعَرْنَ tayʿarna | يَيْعَرْنَ yayʿarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَيْعَرَ ʾayʿara | تَيْعَرَ tayʿara | يَيْعَرَ yayʿara | تَيْعَرَا tayʿarā | يَيْعَرَا yayʿarā | نَيْعَرَ nayʿara | تَيْعَرُوا tayʿarū | يَيْعَرُوا yayʿarū | |||
f | تَيْعَرِي tayʿarī | تَيْعَرَ tayʿara | تَيْعَرَا tayʿarā | تَيْعَرْنَ tayʿarna | يَيْعَرْنَ yayʿarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَيْعَرْ ʾayʿar | تَيْعَرْ tayʿar | يَيْعَرْ yayʿar | تَيْعَرَا tayʿarā | يَيْعَرَا yayʿarā | نَيْعَرْ nayʿar | تَيْعَرُوا tayʿarū | يَيْعَرُوا yayʿarū | |||
f | تَيْعَرِي tayʿarī | تَيْعَرْ tayʿar | تَيْعَرَا tayʿarā | تَيْعَرْنَ tayʿarna | يَيْعَرْنَ yayʿarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِيعَرْ īʿar | اِيعَرَا īʿarā | اِيعَرُوا īʿarū | ||||||||
f | اِيعَرِي īʿarī | اِيعَرْنَ īʿarna |
Verb
يُعِرْ • (yuʿir) (form IV)
- third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَعَارَ (ʾaʿāra)
Verb
يُعَرْ • (yuʿar) (form IV)
- third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَعَارَ (ʾaʿāra)
References
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “يعر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 520b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “يعر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1630b
- Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 317–318, Nr. 248