ویران

ویران

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ویران‎ (virân, “ruined; desolate”).

Adjective

ویران • (viran)

1. ruined, devasted, desolated

   Synonyms: خراب‎ (harab), یباب‎ (yebab), ییقق‎ (yıkık)

2. (of a building) abandoned, deserted

Derived terms

• ویرانلق‎ (viranlık, “ruin”)

Descendants

• Turkish: viran
• → Romanian: viran

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “viran”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5126
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “ویران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1317
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 362
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “ویران”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1541
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “viran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “ویران”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2152

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Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwylʾn' /awērān/). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭍‎ (ʾwyrn, “ruin, destruction”) and akin to Old Armenian աւեր (awer), աւերանք (awerankʿ), աւերակ (awerak), Iranian borrowings.

Adjective

ویران • (virân)

1. ruined
   • 1210–1292, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 6, story 1; Persian proverb:

     ‏خانه از پای بند ویران است
     خواجه در بند نقش ایوان است‎

     xâne az pây-band virân ast
     xâje dar band-e naqš-e ivân ast

     The house is ruined from the foundation
     Khajah is bounded by the design on the iwan

2. desolate
3. gloomy

Derived terms

• ویرانه‎ (virâne)
• ویرانی‎ (virâni)

 

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: viran
• → Middle Bengali: অইরান (airāna)
  • Bengali: বিরান (biran)
• → Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: वीरान (vīrān)
  • → Urdu: ویران‎ (vīrān)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ویران‎ (viran)
  • Turkish: viran
  • → Romanian: viran
• → Punjabi: ویران‎ (vīrān)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “աւեր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 359–360
• Gignoux, Philippe (1972) Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 48b
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 112, 511
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 14

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Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ویران‎.

Adjective

ویران • (vīrān) (Gurmukhi spelling ਵੀਰਾਨ)

1. ruined
2. desolate
3. gloomy

Related terms

• (ruin, devastation, gloom): ویرانی‎ (vīrānī)

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران‎ (vīrān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʋiː.ɾɑːn/
• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: وِی‧ران

Adjective

وِیران • (vīrān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling वीरान)

1. deserted, desolate
2. (figurative) gloomy

Related terms

• (solitude): ویرانی‎ (vīrānī)

References

• “ویران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “ویران”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.