نشم
Arabic
Etymology 1
Unknown.
An equation with Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem or terms reconstructed for it, Old Armenian թեղի (tʿełi), Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa), all meaning “elm”, is possible, per a communication of Lameen Souag.
Federico Corriente’s Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou reckons it possible to equate the Arabic dendronym, which in the Middle Ages encompassed نَشَم أَسْوَد (našam ʾaswad, “elm”, literally “black elm”) and نَشَم أَبْيَض (našam ʾabyaḍ, “nettle tree”, literally “white elm”) (else called قَيْقَب (qayqab) and مَيْس (mays)), with Egyptian nšmt meaning types of “feldspar”, a variety of minerals widely occurring in the earth and employed to carve items, sharing thus properties and functions of the woods of the trees, a particular colour of which or the multifarity of colours of which would have stood model for Hebrew תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinšémeṯ, “chameleon”).
Noun
نَشَم • (našam) m (collective, singulative نَشَمَة f (našama), plural أَنْشَام (ʾanšām))
- elm (Ulmus spp.)
- Synonyms: شَجَر البَقّ (šajar al-baqq), دَرْدَار (dardār), بُوقِيصَا (būqīṣā)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 4, page 154–155:
- ويغرس في المواضع الرطب الكبيرة والندوة منها النشم والغرب والصفيراء والأيرج والميس والرند ويتوخى أن يكون شجر الأترج في مواضع مستور عن الريح الجوفية والريح الغربية مكشوف للريح القبلية.
- One plants on moist, spacious and humid places there elms, willows, planetree maples, citrons, hackberries, and laurels, and it is to be taken care that the citron is covered from northern and western winds and open for southeastern winds.
Declension
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | نَشَم našam | النَّشَم an-našam | نَشَم našam |
| Nominative | نَشَمٌ našamun | النَّشَمُ an-našamu | نَشَمُ našamu |
| Accusative | نَشَمًا našaman | النَّشَمَ an-našama | نَشَمَ našama |
| Genitive | نَشَمٍ našamin | النَّشَمِ an-našami | نَشَمِ našami |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | نَشَمَة našama | النَّشَمَة an-našama | نَشَمَة našamat |
| Nominative | نَشَمَةٌ našamatun | النَّشَمَةُ an-našamatu | نَشَمَةُ našamatu |
| Accusative | نَشَمَةً našamatan | النَّشَمَةَ an-našamata | نَشَمَةَ našamata |
| Genitive | نَشَمَةٍ našamatin | النَّشَمَةِ an-našamati | نَشَمَةِ našamati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | نَشَمَتَيْن našamatayn | النَّشَمَتَيْن an-našamatayn | نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
| Nominative | نَشَمَتَانِ našamatāni | النَّشَمَتَانِ an-našamatāni | نَشَمَتَا našamatā |
| Accusative | نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni | النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni | نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
| Genitive | نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni | النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni | نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | نَشَمَات našamāt | النَّشَمَات an-našamāt | نَشَمَات našamāt |
| Nominative | نَشَمَاتٌ našamātun | النَّشَمَاتُ an-našamātu | نَشَمَاتُ našamātu |
| Accusative | نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin | النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti | نَشَمَاتِ našamāti |
| Genitive | نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin | النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti | نَشَمَاتِ našamāti |
| Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَنْشَام ʾanšām | الْأَنْشَام al-ʾanšām | أَنْشَام ʾanšām |
| Nominative | أَنْشَامٌ ʾanšāmun | الْأَنْشَامُ al-ʾanšāmu | أَنْشَامُ ʾanšāmu |
| Accusative | أَنْشَامًا ʾanšāman | الْأَنْشَامَ al-ʾanšāma | أَنْشَامَ ʾanšāma |
| Genitive | أَنْشَامٍ ʾanšāmin | الْأَنْشَامِ al-ʾanšāmi | أَنْشَامِ ʾanšāmi |
References
- Corriente, F. (1997), “II”, in A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, LCCN 96052434, page 1264
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “نشم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 674
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “نشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 283–284
- Souag, Lameen (2016-07-25), “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat, archived from the original on 2018-02-15, retrieved 2 February 2019
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
نَشَمُّ • (našammu) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نَشَمَّ • (našamma) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نَشَمِّ • (našammi) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نَشُمُّ • (našummu) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نَشُمَّ • (našumma) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نَشُمِّ • (našummi) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نُشَمُّ • (nušammu) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past passive indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نُشَمَّ • (nušamma) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
نُشَمِّ • (nušammi) (form I)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)