مصطار

Arabic

FWOTD – 21 June 2019

Alternative forms

مُسْطَار‎ (musṭār)

مصطار

Etymology

From Byzantine Greek μουστάριον (moustárion, “a measure of must”), from Latin mustārium (“a measure of must”), from Latin mustum (“must”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /musˤ.tˤaːr/

Noun

مُصْطَار • (muṣṭār) m, sometimes vocalized مِصْطَار (miṣṭār)

must, fermentation grapes, or recently-made wine
- a. 710, الأخطل [al-ʾaḵṭal], Theodor Nöldeke and August Müller, editors, Delectus veterum carminum arabicorum, Berlin: H. Reuther’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, published 1890, page 54:
  ‏إِذَا هَدَرَ الْعَصِيرَ رَأَيْتَهُمْ حُمْرًا عُيُونُهُمُ مِنَ الْمُسْطَارِ‎‎
  ʾiḏā hadara l-ʿaṣīra raʾayta-hum ḥumran ʿuyūnu-humu mina l-musṭāri
  When they seethe the juice you see them red in the eyes from the defrutum.
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:
  ‏وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئُ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.‎‎
  wa-ʾammā l-muṣannabu fayuʾḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʾi l-ʿaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʿmadu ʾilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʾu min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʾaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʿalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʿalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʾaʿlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʿaqida.
  In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.
- 1865, Van Dyck Bible, Ḥaggai 1:11
  ‏وَدَعَوْتُ بِالْحَرِّ عَلَى الأَرْضِ وَعَلَى الْجِبَالِ وَعَلَى الْحِنْطَةِ وَعَلَى الْمِسْطَارِ وَعَلَى الزَّيْتِ وَعَلَى مَا تُنْبِتُهُ الأَرْضُ وَعَلَى النَّاسِ وَعَلَى الْبَهَائِمِ وَعَلَى كُلِّ أَتْعَابِ الْيَدَيْنِ.‎‎
  wadaʿawtu bi-l-ḥarri ʿalā l-ʾarḍi waʿalā l-jibāli waʿalā l-ḥinṭati waʿalā l-misṭāri waʿalā z-zayti waʿalā mā tunbituhū l-ʾarḍu waʿalā n-nāsi waʿalā l-bahāʾimi waʿalā kulli ʾatʿābi l-yadayni.
  And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labour of the hands.

Declension

Declension of noun مُصْطَار (muṣṭār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مُصْطَار muṣṭār	الْمُصْطَار‎ al-muṣṭār	مُصْطَار muṣṭār
Nominative	مُصْطَارٌ muṣṭārun	الْمُصْطَارُ‎ al-muṣṭāru	مُصْطَارُ muṣṭāru
Accusative	مُصْطَارًا‎ muṣṭāran	الْمُصْطَارَ‎ al-muṣṭāra	مُصْطَارَ muṣṭāra
Genitive	مُصْطَارٍ muṣṭārin	الْمُصْطَارِ‎ al-muṣṭāri	مُصْطَارِ muṣṭāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مُصْطَارَيْن‎ muṣṭārayn	الْمُصْطَارَيْن‎ al-muṣṭārayn	مُصْطَارَيْ‎ muṣṭāray
Nominative	مُصْطَارَانِ‎ muṣṭārāni	الْمُصْطَارَانِ‎ al-muṣṭārāni	مُصْطَارَا‎ muṣṭārā
Accusative	مُصْطَارَيْنِ‎ muṣṭārayni	الْمُصْطَارَيْنِ‎ al-muṣṭārayni	مُصْطَارَيْ‎ muṣṭāray
Genitive	مُصْطَارَيْنِ‎ muṣṭārayni	الْمُصْطَارَيْنِ‎ al-muṣṭārayni	مُصْطَارَيْ‎ muṣṭāray
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَصَاطِير‎ maṣāṭīr	الْمَصَاطِير‎ al-maṣāṭīr	مَصَاطِير‎ maṣāṭīr
Nominative	مَصَاطِيرُ‎ maṣāṭīru	الْمَصَاطِيرُ‎ al-maṣāṭīru	مَصَاطِيرُ‎ maṣāṭīru
Accusative	مَصَاطِيرَ‎ maṣāṭīra	الْمَصَاطِيرَ‎ al-maṣāṭīra	مَصَاطِيرَ‎ maṣāṭīra
Genitive	مَصَاطِيرَ‎ maṣāṭīra	الْمَصَاطِيرِ‎ al-maṣāṭīri	مَصَاطِيرِ‎ maṣāṭīri

Descendants

→ Middle Armenian: մուստառ (mustaṙ)
→ Ottoman Turkish: مسطار‎ (müstar, mistar)

References

Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “مصطار”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 652
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 163
Freytag, Georg (1833), “مصطار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 314
Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 44
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “مصطار”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1088
Lane, Edward William (1863), “مصطار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1358
Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 149
Vollers, Karl (1897), “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, page 317
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “مصطار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 570