مدفع
Arabic
FWOTD – 19 March 2020
Etymology 1
Tool noun from the root د ف ع (d-f-ʿ); literally an instrument that propels or impels, occurring in the determined sense of a cannon first in the 14th in Mamluk-ruled Egypt.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mid.faʕ/
- (Moroccan) IPA(key): /mad.faʕ/
Noun
مِدْفَع • (midfaʿ) m (plural مَدَافِع (madāfiʿ))
- gun; cannon
Declension
Declension of noun مِدْفَع (midfaʿ)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مِدْفَع midfaʿ | الْمِدْفَع al-midfaʿ | مِدْفَع midfaʿ |
| Nominative | مِدْفَعٌ midfaʿun | الْمِدْفَعُ al-midfaʿu | مِدْفَعُ midfaʿu |
| Accusative | مِدْفَعًا midfaʿan | الْمِدْفَعَ al-midfaʿa | مِدْفَعَ midfaʿa |
| Genitive | مِدْفَعٍ midfaʿin | الْمِدْفَعِ al-midfaʿi | مِدْفَعِ midfaʿi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | مِدْفَعَيْن midfaʿayn | الْمِدْفَعَيْن al-midfaʿayn | مِدْفَعَيْ midfaʿay |
| Nominative | مِدْفَعَانِ midfaʿāni | الْمِدْفَعَانِ al-midfaʿāni | مِدْفَعَا midfaʿā |
| Accusative | مِدْفَعَيْنِ midfaʿayni | الْمِدْفَعَيْنِ al-midfaʿayni | مِدْفَعَيْ midfaʿay |
| Genitive | مِدْفَعَيْنِ midfaʿayni | الْمِدْفَعَيْنِ al-midfaʿayni | مِدْفَعَيْ midfaʿay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَدَافِع madāfiʿ | الْمَدَافِع al-madāfiʿ | مَدَافِع madāfiʿ |
| Nominative | مَدَافِعُ madāfiʿu | الْمَدَافِعُ al-madāfiʿu | مَدَافِعُ madāfiʿu |
| Accusative | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa | الْمَدَافِعَ al-madāfiʿa | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa |
| Genitive | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa | الْمَدَافِعِ al-madāfiʿi | مَدَافِعِ madāfiʿi |
Descendants
- → Amharic: መድፍ (mädf)
- → Ge'ez: መድፍዕ (mädfəʿ)
- → Persian: مدفع (madfa')
- → Tigrinya: መድፍዕ (mädfəʿ)
Etymology 2
Noun of place from the root د ف ع (d-f-ʿ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mad.faʕ/
Noun
مَدْفَع • (madfaʿ) m (plural مَدَافِع (madāfiʿ))
- watercourse, the lowest part of a valley where the torrent pours forth
- a. 622, لَبيد بن ربيعة [Labīd ibn Rabīʿa], معلقة [Muʻallaqa], line 2a:
- ١ عَفَتِ الدِّيارُ مَحَلُّهَا فَمُقَامُهَا * بمنًى تأبَّدَ غَوْلُها فَرِجَامُهَا
٢ فمَدافعُ الرَّيَّانِ عُرِّيَ رَسْمُهَا * خَلَقًا كما ضَمِنَ الوُحِيَّ سِلاَمُها
٣ دِمَنٌ تَجَرَّمَ بَعدَ عَهْدِ أنِيسِهَا * حِجَجٌ خَلَوْنَ حَلالُهَا وحَرَامُهَا
٤ رُزِقَتْ مَرابيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا * وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا فَرِهَامُها
٥ مِنْ كلِّ سَارِيَةٍ وغادٍ مُدْجِنٍ * وَعَشِيَّةٍ مُتجاوبٍ إرْزَامُهَا
٦ فَعَلا فُرُوعُ الأيْهُقَانِ وَأطْفَلَتْ * بالجَلهَتين ظِبَاؤهَا ونَعَامُهَا- Effaced are her resting-places where she stayed and settled in Mina: deserted are her camps in Ḡawl and ar-Rijām
and the torrents of ar-Rayyān: the traces thereof are laid bare and are torn, as inscribed rocks.
Campsites have already passed after their period of use; years of war and peace overcome.
Cast off there fell upon them the rains of spring signs, and there swept sated thunder clouds and drizzling rains
from every cloud of night, every full one of morn, and those of eve, answering like a hoting squawk,
and there sprung shoots of arugula, and in the brinks of a valley the goats and antelopes have youngs.
- Effaced are her resting-places where she stayed and settled in Mina: deserted are her camps in Ḡawl and ar-Rijām
-
- (rare) verbal noun of دَفَعَ (dafaʿa) (form I)
- means of defense, pleading in court etc.
Declension
Declension of noun مَدْفَع (madfaʿ)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَدْفَع madfaʿ | الْمَدْفَع al-madfaʿ | مَدْفَع madfaʿ |
| Nominative | مَدْفَعٌ madfaʿun | الْمَدْفَعُ al-madfaʿu | مَدْفَعُ madfaʿu |
| Accusative | مَدْفَعًا madfaʿan | الْمَدْفَعَ al-madfaʿa | مَدْفَعَ madfaʿa |
| Genitive | مَدْفَعٍ madfaʿin | الْمَدْفَعِ al-madfaʿi | مَدْفَعِ madfaʿi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | مَدْفَعَيْن madfaʿayn | الْمَدْفَعَيْن al-madfaʿayn | مَدْفَعَيْ madfaʿay |
| Nominative | مَدْفَعَانِ madfaʿāni | الْمَدْفَعَانِ al-madfaʿāni | مَدْفَعَا madfaʿā |
| Accusative | مَدْفَعَيْنِ madfaʿayni | الْمَدْفَعَيْنِ al-madfaʿayni | مَدْفَعَيْ madfaʿay |
| Genitive | مَدْفَعَيْنِ madfaʿayni | الْمَدْفَعَيْنِ al-madfaʿayni | مَدْفَعَيْ madfaʿay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَدَافِع madāfiʿ | الْمَدَافِع al-madāfiʿ | مَدَافِع madāfiʿ |
| Nominative | مَدَافِعُ madāfiʿu | الْمَدَافِعُ al-madāfiʿu | مَدَافِعُ madāfiʿu |
| Accusative | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa | الْمَدَافِعَ al-madāfiʿa | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa |
| Genitive | مَدَافِعَ madāfiʿa | الْمَدَافِعِ al-madāfiʿi | مَدَافِعِ madāfiʿi |