كرم
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ك ر م (k-r-m).
Verb
كَرُمَ • (karuma) I, non-past يَكْرُمُ (yakrumu)
- to be or become noble
- Antonym: لَؤُمَ (laʾuma)
- to be or become generous
- Antonym: بَخِلَ (baḵila)
- to be or become precious
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | كَرَم or كَرَمَة or كَرَامَة karam or karama or karāma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | كَارِم kārim | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كَرُمْتُ karumtu | كَرُمْتَ karumta | كَرُمَ karuma | كَرُمْتُمَا karumtumā | كَرُمَا karumā | كَرُمْنَا karumnā | كَرُمْتُمْ karumtum | كَرُمُوا karumū | |||
f | كَرُمْتِ karumti | كَرُمَتْ karumat | كَرُمَتَا karumatā | كَرُمْتُنَّ karumtunna | كَرُمْنَ karumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَكْرُمُ ʾakrumu | تَكْرُمُ takrumu | يَكْرُمُ yakrumu | تَكْرُمَانِ takrumāni | يَكْرُمَانِ yakrumāni | نَكْرُمُ nakrumu | تَكْرُمُونَ takrumūna | يَكْرُمُونَ yakrumūna | |||
f | تَكْرُمِينَ takrumīna | تَكْرُمُ takrumu | تَكْرُمَانِ takrumāni | تَكْرُمْنَ takrumna | يَكْرُمْنَ yakrumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَكْرُمَ ʾakruma | تَكْرُمَ takruma | يَكْرُمَ yakruma | تَكْرُمَا takrumā | يَكْرُمَا yakrumā | نَكْرُمَ nakruma | تَكْرُمُوا takrumū | يَكْرُمُوا yakrumū | |||
f | تَكْرُمِي takrumī | تَكْرُمَ takruma | تَكْرُمَا takrumā | تَكْرُمْنَ takrumna | يَكْرُمْنَ yakrumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَكْرُمْ ʾakrum | تَكْرُمْ takrum | يَكْرُمْ yakrum | تَكْرُمَا takrumā | يَكْرُمَا yakrumā | نَكْرُمْ nakrum | تَكْرُمُوا takrumū | يَكْرُمُوا yakrumū | |||
f | تَكْرُمِي takrumī | تَكْرُمْ takrum | تَكْرُمَا takrumā | تَكْرُمْنَ takrumna | يَكْرُمْنَ yakrumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اُكْرُمْ ukrum | اُكْرُمَا ukrumā | اُكْرُمُوا ukrumū | ||||||||
f | اُكْرُمِي ukrumī | اُكْرُمْنَ ukrumna |
Verb
كَرَّمَ • (karrama) II, non-past يُكَرِّمُ (yukarrimu)
- to call (someone) noble
- to honor, to venerate
- to exalt
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَكْرِيم takrīm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُكَرِّم mukarrim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُكَرَّم mukarram | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كَرَّمْتُ karramtu | كَرَّمْتَ karramta | كَرَّمَ karrama | كَرَّمْتُمَا karramtumā | كَرَّمَا karramā | كَرَّمْنَا karramnā | كَرَّمْتُمْ karramtum | كَرَّمُوا karramū | |||
f | كَرَّمْتِ karramti | كَرَّمَتْ karramat | كَرَّمَتَا karramatā | كَرَّمْتُنَّ karramtunna | كَرَّمْنَ karramna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُكَرِّمُ ʾukarrimu | تُكَرِّمُ tukarrimu | يُكَرِّمُ yukarrimu | تُكَرِّمَانِ tukarrimāni | يُكَرِّمَانِ yukarrimāni | نُكَرِّمُ nukarrimu | تُكَرِّمُونَ tukarrimūna | يُكَرِّمُونَ yukarrimūna | |||
f | تُكَرِّمِينَ tukarrimīna | تُكَرِّمُ tukarrimu | تُكَرِّمَانِ tukarrimāni | تُكَرِّمْنَ tukarrimna | يُكَرِّمْنَ yukarrimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُكَرِّمَ ʾukarrima | تُكَرِّمَ tukarrima | يُكَرِّمَ yukarrima | تُكَرِّمَا tukarrimā | يُكَرِّمَا yukarrimā | نُكَرِّمَ nukarrima | تُكَرِّمُوا tukarrimū | يُكَرِّمُوا yukarrimū | |||
f | تُكَرِّمِي tukarrimī | تُكَرِّمَ tukarrima | تُكَرِّمَا tukarrimā | تُكَرِّمْنَ tukarrimna | يُكَرِّمْنَ yukarrimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُكَرِّمْ ʾukarrim | تُكَرِّمْ tukarrim | يُكَرِّمْ yukarrim | تُكَرِّمَا tukarrimā | يُكَرِّمَا yukarrimā | نُكَرِّمْ nukarrim | تُكَرِّمُوا tukarrimū | يُكَرِّمُوا yukarrimū | |||
f | تُكَرِّمِي tukarrimī | تُكَرِّمْ tukarrim | تُكَرِّمَا tukarrimā | تُكَرِّمْنَ tukarrimna | يُكَرِّمْنَ yukarrimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | كَرِّمْ karrim | كَرِّمَا karrimā | كَرِّمُوا karrimū | ||||||||
f | كَرِّمِي karrimī | كَرِّمْنَ karrimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كُرِّمْتُ kurrimtu | كُرِّمْتَ kurrimta | كُرِّمَ kurrima | كُرِّمْتُمَا kurrimtumā | كُرِّمَا kurrimā | كُرِّمْنَا kurrimnā | كُرِّمْتُمْ kurrimtum | كُرِّمُوا kurrimū | |||
f | كُرِّمْتِ kurrimti | كُرِّمَتْ kurrimat | كُرِّمَتَا kurrimatā | كُرِّمْتُنَّ kurrimtunna | كُرِّمْنَ kurrimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُكَرَّمُ ʾukarramu | تُكَرَّمُ tukarramu | يُكَرَّمُ yukarramu | تُكَرَّمَانِ tukarramāni | يُكَرَّمَانِ yukarramāni | نُكَرَّمُ nukarramu | تُكَرَّمُونَ tukarramūna | يُكَرَّمُونَ yukarramūna | |||
f | تُكَرَّمِينَ tukarramīna | تُكَرَّمُ tukarramu | تُكَرَّمَانِ tukarramāni | تُكَرَّمْنَ tukarramna | يُكَرَّمْنَ yukarramna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُكَرَّمَ ʾukarrama | تُكَرَّمَ tukarrama | يُكَرَّمَ yukarrama | تُكَرَّمَا tukarramā | يُكَرَّمَا yukarramā | نُكَرَّمَ nukarrama | تُكَرَّمُوا tukarramū | يُكَرَّمُوا yukarramū | |||
f | تُكَرَّمِي tukarramī | تُكَرَّمَ tukarrama | تُكَرَّمَا tukarramā | تُكَرَّمْنَ tukarramna | يُكَرَّمْنَ yukarramna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُكَرَّمْ ʾukarram | تُكَرَّمْ tukarram | يُكَرَّمْ yukarram | تُكَرَّمَا tukarramā | يُكَرَّمَا yukarramā | نُكَرَّمْ nukarram | تُكَرَّمُوا tukarramū | يُكَرَّمُوا yukarramū | |||
f | تُكَرَّمِي tukarramī | تُكَرَّمْ tukarram | تُكَرَّمَا tukarramā | تُكَرَّمْنَ tukarramna | يُكَرَّمْنَ yukarramna |
Noun
كَرَم • (karam) m
- verbal noun of كَرُمَ (karuma) (form I)
- nobleness, kindness
- generosity
- 2018 July 6, “رئيس الجمهورية يزور مدينة “عرتا” الجيبوتية [The President of the Republic visits the town of ʿartā of Djibouti]”, in وكالة الأنباء الوطنية الصومالية (Somali National News Agency), archived from the original on 2019-01-27:
- لمدينة عرتا لها ذاكرة في قلوب الصوماليين، حيث إحتضنت نقبة كبيرة من المجتمع الصومالي، وأنها أصبحت رمزا للكرم والسخاء.
- li-madīnati ʿartā la-hā ḏākiratun fī qulūbi ṣ-ṣūmāliyyīna, ḥayṯu ḥtaḍanat naqbatan kabīratan mina l-mujtamaʿi ṣ-ṣūmāliyyi, wa-ʾanna-hā ʾaṣbaḥat ramzan li-l-karami wa-s-saḵāʾi.
- The town of ʿartā is of avid memory with the Somalis in that it embraced a large swathe of Somali society and became a symbol of openhandedness and generosity.
- Synonym: سَخَاء (saḵāʾ)
-
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَرَم karam | الْكَرَم al-karam | كَرَم karam |
Nominative | كَرَمٌ karamun | الْكَرَمُ al-karamu | كَرَمُ karamu |
Accusative | كَرَمًا karaman | الْكَرَمَ al-karama | كَرَمَ karama |
Genitive | كَرَمٍ karamin | الْكَرَمِ al-karami | كَرَمِ karami |
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: kərəm
- → Swahili: karamu (“banquet, celebration”)
- → Ottoman Turkish: كرم (kerem)
- Turkish: kerem
Etymology 2
Compare Ugaritic 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm, “vineyard”), Aramaic כַּרְמָא (karmā, “vineyard”), Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem, “vineyard”), Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”), and the possible etymon Egyptian kꜣm. Due to the small difference in the third consonant of the Akkadian form, the Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a borrowing from a language of Anatolia, the same suspicion as for Proto-West Semitic *wayn- (“grape”), and additionally speculates that the homonymic root related to nobleness derived from the name of the vine plant.
Noun
كَرْم • (karm) m (collective, singulative كَرْمَة f (karma), plural كُرُوم (kurūm))
- vineyard, vines, orchard
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَرْم karm | الْكَرْم al-karm | كَرْم karm |
Nominative | كَرْمٌ karmun | الْكَرْمُ al-karmu | كَرْمُ karmu |
Accusative | كَرْمًا karman | الْكَرْمَ al-karma | كَرْمَ karma |
Genitive | كَرْمٍ karmin | الْكَرْمِ al-karmi | كَرْمِ karmi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَرْمَة karma | الْكَرْمَة al-karma | كَرْمَة karmat |
Nominative | كَرْمَةٌ karmatun | الْكَرْمَةُ al-karmatu | كَرْمَةُ karmatu |
Accusative | كَرْمَةً karmatan | الْكَرْمَةَ al-karmata | كَرْمَةَ karmata |
Genitive | كَرْمَةٍ karmatin | الْكَرْمَةِ al-karmati | كَرْمَةِ karmati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | كَرْمَتَيْن karmatayn | الْكَرْمَتَيْن al-karmatayn | كَرْمَتَيْ karmatay |
Nominative | كَرْمَتَانِ karmatāni | الْكَرْمَتَانِ al-karmatāni | كَرْمَتَا karmatā |
Accusative | كَرْمَتَيْنِ karmatayni | الْكَرْمَتَيْنِ al-karmatayni | كَرْمَتَيْ karmatay |
Genitive | كَرْمَتَيْنِ karmatayni | الْكَرْمَتَيْنِ al-karmatayni | كَرْمَتَيْ karmatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَرْمَات karmāt | الْكَرْمَات al-karmāt | كَرْمَات karmāt |
Nominative | كَرْمَاتٌ karmātun | الْكَرْمَاتُ al-karmātu | كَرْمَاتُ karmātu |
Accusative | كَرْمَاتٍ karmātin | الْكَرْمَاتِ al-karmāti | كَرْمَاتِ karmāti |
Genitive | كَرْمَاتٍ karmātin | الْكَرْمَاتِ al-karmāti | كَرْمَاتِ karmāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كُرُوم kurūm | الْكُرُوم al-kurūm | كُرُوم kurūm |
Nominative | كُرُومٌ kurūmun | الْكُرُومُ al-kurūmu | كُرُومُ kurūmu |
Accusative | كُرُومًا kurūman | الْكُرُومَ al-kurūma | كُرُومَ kurūma |
Genitive | كُرُومٍ kurūmin | الْكُرُومِ al-kurūmi | كُرُومِ kurūmi |
Descendants
- → Ge'ez: ክርም (kərm)
- → Spanish: carmen
References
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, pages 1100–1101
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “كرم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 459–460
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “كرم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 28–29
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “كرم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 888–890
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “كرم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 962–963
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Arabic كَرَم (karam).
Noun
كرم • (kerem)
- kindness
- grace
Descendants
- Turkish: kerem
Proper noun
كرم • (Kerem)
- a male given name from Arabic: Kerem
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ك ر م |
Etymology
From Arabic كَرَّمَ (karrama).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kar.ram/, [ˈkar.ram]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
كرّم • (karram) (form II, present بكرّم (bikarrem))
- to honor
- Synonym: أكرم (ʔakram)
Conjugation
Conjugation of كرّم (karram) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | كرّمت (karramt) | كرّمت (karramt) | كرّم (karram) | كرّمنا (karramna) | كرّمتو (karramtu) | كرّمو (karramu) | |
f | كرّمتي (karramti) | كرّمت (karramat) | ||||||
present | m | بكرّم (bakarrem) | بتكرّم (bitkarrem) | بكرّم (bikarrem) | منكرّم (minkarrem) | بتكرّمو (bitkarrmu) | بكرّمو (bikarrmu) | |
f | بتكرّمي (bitkarrmi) | بتكرّم (bitkarrem) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اكرّم (akarrem) | تكرّم (tkarrem) | يكرّم (ykarrem) | نكرّم (nkarrem) | تكرّمو (tkarrmu) | يكرّمو (ykarrmu) | |
f | تكرّمي (tkarrmi) | تكرّم (tkarrem) | ||||||
imperative | m | كرّم (karrem) | كرّمو (karrmu) | |||||
f | كرّمي (karrmi) |