كاد
Arabic
Etymology 1
A root ك و د (k-w-d) hasn’t developed. The term is suggested as a borrowing from Old South Arabian 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to almost do”, form I), related to 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to treacherously endanger; to start a prosecution against”, form II).
Verb
كَادَ • (kāda) I, non-past يَكَادُ (yakādu)
- to almost do something (with following non-past or with أَن (ʾan) + subjunctive)
- كِدْتُ أَذْهَبُ ― kidtu ʾaḏhabu ― I almost went
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:20:
- يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ
- yakādu l-barqu yaḵṭafu ʾabṣārahum
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- to hardly do something (negated, with following non-past)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:71:
- فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ
- faḏabaḥūhā wamā kādū yafʿalūna
- They slaughtered her, but they hardly brought themselves to do it.
-
- as soon as (negated, with following non-past)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
كَادَ
(form-I hollow, verbal nouns كَوْد or مَكَاد or مَكَادَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | كَوْد or مَكَاد or مَكَادَة kawd or makād or makāda | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | كَائِد kāʾid | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كِدْتُ kidtu | كِدْتَ kidta | كَادَ kāda | كِدْتُمَا kidtumā | كَادَا kādā | كِدْنَا kidnā | كِدْتُمْ kidtum | كَادُوا kādū | |||
f | كِدْتِ kidti | كَادَتْ kādat | كَادَتَا kādatā | كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna | كِدْنَ kidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَكَادُ ʾakādu | تَكَادُ takādu | يَكَادُ yakādu | تَكَادَانِ takādāni | يَكَادَانِ yakādāni | نَكَادُ nakādu | تَكَادُونَ takādūna | يَكَادُونَ yakādūna | |||
f | تَكَادِينَ takādīna | تَكَادُ takādu | تَكَادَانِ takādāni | تَكَدْنَ takadna | يَكَدْنَ yakadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَكَادَ ʾakāda | تَكَادَ takāda | يَكَادَ yakāda | تَكَادَا takādā | يَكَادَا yakādā | نَكَادَ nakāda | تَكَادُوا takādū | يَكَادُوا yakādū | |||
f | تَكَادِي takādī | تَكَادَ takāda | تَكَادَا takādā | تَكَدْنَ takadna | يَكَدْنَ yakadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَكَدْ ʾakad | تَكَدْ takad | يَكَدْ yakad | تَكَادَا takādā | يَكَادَا yakādā | نَكَدْ nakad | تَكَادُوا takādū | يَكَادُوا yakādū | |||
f | تَكَادِي takādī | تَكَدْ takad | تَكَادَا takādā | تَكَدْنَ takadna | يَكَدْنَ yakadna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | — | — | — | ||||||||
f | — | — |
References
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 1126
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 69a
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “كاد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 941b
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “كود”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 900
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “كود”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 991
Etymology 2
From the root ك ي د (k-y-d).
Verb
كَادَ • (kāda) I, non-past يَكِيدُ (yakīdu)
- to plot, to scheme (لِـ (li-) against)
- to plan or intend to commit crime
- to deceive, to fool
Conjugation
Conjugation of
كَادَ
(form-I hollow, verbal nouns كَيْد or مَكِيدَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | كَيْد or مَكِيدَة kayd or makīda | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | كَائِد kāʾid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَكِيد makīd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كِدْتُ kidtu | كِدْتَ kidta | كَادَ kāda | كِدْتُمَا kidtumā | كَادَا kādā | كِدْنَا kidnā | كِدْتُمْ kidtum | كَادُوا kādū | |||
f | كِدْتِ kidti | كَادَتْ kādat | كَادَتَا kādatā | كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna | كِدْنَ kidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَكِيدُ ʾakīdu | تَكِيدُ takīdu | يَكِيدُ yakīdu | تَكِيدَانِ takīdāni | يَكِيدَانِ yakīdāni | نَكِيدُ nakīdu | تَكِيدُونَ takīdūna | يَكِيدُونَ yakīdūna | |||
f | تَكِيدِينَ takīdīna | تَكِيدُ takīdu | تَكِيدَانِ takīdāni | تَكِدْنَ takidna | يَكِدْنَ yakidna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَكِيدَ ʾakīda | تَكِيدَ takīda | يَكِيدَ yakīda | تَكِيدَا takīdā | يَكِيدَا yakīdā | نَكِيدَ nakīda | تَكِيدُوا takīdū | يَكِيدُوا yakīdū | |||
f | تَكِيدِي takīdī | تَكِيدَ takīda | تَكِيدَا takīdā | تَكِدْنَ takidna | يَكِدْنَ yakidna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَكِدْ ʾakid | تَكِدْ takid | يَكِدْ yakid | تَكِيدَا takīdā | يَكِيدَا yakīdā | نَكِدْ nakid | تَكِيدُوا takīdū | يَكِيدُوا yakīdū | |||
f | تَكِيدِي takīdī | تَكِدْ takid | تَكِيدَا takīdā | تَكِدْنَ takidna | يَكِدْنَ yakidna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | كِدْ kid | كِيدَا kīdā | كِيدُوا kīdū | ||||||||
f | كِيدِي kīdī | كِدْنَ kidna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | كِدْتُ kidtu | كِدْتَ kidta | كِيدَ kīda | كِدْتُمَا kidtumā | كِيدَا kīdā | كِدْنَا kidnā | كِدْتُمْ kidtum | كِيدُوا kīdū | |||
f | كِدْتِ kidti | كِيدَتْ kīdat | كِيدَتَا kīdatā | كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna | كِدْنَ kidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُكَادُ ʾukādu | تُكَادُ tukādu | يُكَادُ yukādu | تُكَادَانِ tukādāni | يُكَادَانِ yukādāni | نُكَادُ nukādu | تُكَادُونَ tukādūna | يُكَادُونَ yukādūna | |||
f | تُكَادِينَ tukādīna | تُكَادُ tukādu | تُكَادَانِ tukādāni | تُكَدْنَ tukadna | يُكَدْنَ yukadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُكَادَ ʾukāda | تُكَادَ tukāda | يُكَادَ yukāda | تُكَادَا tukādā | يُكَادَا yukādā | نُكَادَ nukāda | تُكَادُوا tukādū | يُكَادُوا yukādū | |||
f | تُكَادِي tukādī | تُكَادَ tukāda | تُكَادَا tukādā | تُكَدْنَ tukadna | يُكَدْنَ yukadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُكَدْ ʾukad | تُكَدْ tukad | يُكَدْ yukad | تُكَادَا tukādā | يُكَادَا yukādā | نُكَدْ nukad | تُكَادُوا tukādū | يُكَادُوا yukādū | |||
f | تُكَادِي tukādī | تُكَدْ tukad | تُكَادَا tukādā | تُكَدْنَ tukadna | يُكَدْنَ yukadna |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 73b