قير
See also: قیر
Arabic
![](Images/wiktionary/Minimile9.jpg.webp)
قِير
Alternative forms
- قَار (qār)
Etymology
Borrowed from Aramaic קִירָא / ܩܝܪܐ (qīrā, “bitumen; wax”) (also ܩܐܪܐ (qārā)), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇒𒉈 (/qīru/, “bitumen”); uncertain relation to Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós, “wax”), Latin cēra (“wax”) which stem from an unknown substrate. Likely ultimately related to Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (/kīru/, “kiln”) from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “kiln”), which also gave rise to Aramaic גִירָא,ܓܝܪܐ (gīrā, “lime”), and Arabic جِير (jīr, “lime”).
Noun
قِير • (qīr) m
- tar; asphalt
Declension
Declension of noun قِير (qīr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قِير qīr | الْقِير al-qīr | قِير qīr |
Nominative | قِيرٌ qīrun | الْقِيرُ al-qīru | قِيرُ qīru |
Accusative | قِيرًا qīran | الْقِيرَ al-qīra | قِيرَ qīra |
Genitive | قِيرٍ qīrin | الْقِيرِ al-qīri | قِيرِ qīri |
Derived terms
- قِيرِيّ (qīriyy, “tarry, bituminous”)
- قَيَّرَ (qayyara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
- قَوَّرَ (qawwara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
- تَقَيَّرَ (taqayyara, “to be tarred”)
- قَيَّار (qayyār, “having tar or asphalt; who works with tar”)
Verb
قَيَّرَ • (qayyara) II, non-past يُقَيِّرُ (yuqayyiru)
- to tar, to asphalt
Conjugation
Conjugation of
قَيَّرَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَقْيِير taqyīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُقَيِّر muqayyir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُقَيَّر muqayyar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | قَيَّرْتُ qayyartu | قَيَّرْتَ qayyarta | قَيَّرَ qayyara | قَيَّرْتُمَا qayyartumā | قَيَّرَا qayyarā | قَيَّرْنَا qayyarnā | قَيَّرْتُمْ qayyartum | قَيَّرُوا qayyarū | |||
f | قَيَّرْتِ qayyarti | قَيَّرَتْ qayyarat | قَيَّرَتَا qayyaratā | قَيَّرْتُنَّ qayyartunna | قَيَّرْنَ qayyarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع | m | أُقَيِّرُ ʾuqayyiru | تُقَيِّرُ tuqayyiru | يُقَيِّرُ yuqayyiru | تُقَيِّرَانِ tuqayyirāni | يُقَيِّرَانِ yuqayyirāni | نُقَيِّرُ nuqayyiru | تُقَيِّرُونَ tuqayyirūna | يُقَيِّرُونَ yuqayyirūna | |||
f | تُقَيِّرِينَ tuqayyirīna | تُقَيِّرُ tuqayyiru | تُقَيِّرَانِ tuqayyirāni | تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna | يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُقَيِّرَ ʾuqayyira | تُقَيِّرَ tuqayyira | يُقَيِّرَ yuqayyira | تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā | يُقَيِّرَا yuqayyirā | نُقَيِّرَ nuqayyira | تُقَيِّرُوا tuqayyirū | يُقَيِّرُوا yuqayyirū | |||
f | تُقَيِّرِي tuqayyirī | تُقَيِّرَ tuqayyira | تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā | تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna | يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُقَيِّرْ ʾuqayyir | تُقَيِّرْ tuqayyir | يُقَيِّرْ yuqayyir | تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā | يُقَيِّرَا yuqayyirā | نُقَيِّرْ nuqayyir | تُقَيِّرُوا tuqayyirū | يُقَيِّرُوا yuqayyirū | |||
f | تُقَيِّرِي tuqayyirī | تُقَيِّرْ tuqayyir | تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā | تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna | يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | قَيِّرْ qayyir | قَيِّرَا qayyirā | قَيِّرُوا qayyirū | ||||||||
f | قَيِّرِي qayyirī | قَيِّرْنَ qayyirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | قُيِّرْتُ quyyirtu | قُيِّرْتَ quyyirta | قُيِّرَ quyyira | قُيِّرْتُمَا quyyirtumā | قُيِّرَا quyyirā | قُيِّرْنَا quyyirnā | قُيِّرْتُمْ quyyirtum | قُيِّرُوا quyyirū | |||
f | قُيِّرْتِ quyyirti | قُيِّرَتْ quyyirat | قُيِّرَتَا quyyiratā | قُيِّرْتُنَّ quyyirtunna | قُيِّرْنَ quyyirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع | m | أُقَيَّرُ ʾuqayyaru | تُقَيَّرُ tuqayyaru | يُقَيَّرُ yuqayyaru | تُقَيَّرَانِ tuqayyarāni | يُقَيَّرَانِ yuqayyarāni | نُقَيَّرُ nuqayyaru | تُقَيَّرُونَ tuqayyarūna | يُقَيَّرُونَ yuqayyarūna | |||
f | تُقَيَّرِينَ tuqayyarīna | تُقَيَّرُ tuqayyaru | تُقَيَّرَانِ tuqayyarāni | تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna | يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُقَيَّرَ ʾuqayyara | تُقَيَّرَ tuqayyara | يُقَيَّرَ yuqayyara | تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā | يُقَيَّرَا yuqayyarā | نُقَيَّرَ nuqayyara | تُقَيَّرُوا tuqayyarū | يُقَيَّرُوا yuqayyarū | |||
f | تُقَيَّرِي tuqayyarī | تُقَيَّرَ tuqayyara | تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā | تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna | يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُقَيَّرْ ʾuqayyar | تُقَيَّرْ tuqayyar | يُقَيَّرْ yuqayyar | تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā | يُقَيَّرَا yuqayyarā | نُقَيَّرْ nuqayyar | تُقَيَّرُوا tuqayyarū | يُقَيَّرُوا yuqayyarū | |||
f | تُقَيَّرِي tuqayyarī | تُقَيَّرْ tuqayyar | تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā | تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna | يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna |
References
- “qīru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), volume 13, Q, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1982, pages 270–271
- “qyr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 417
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 430–431
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 513–514
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 521
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 439
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “قير”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1074
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 60